1. Question today imagine tomorrow create for the future
Daniel Rosberg, Technical Director, Fire & Risk

2. The Bunker Provides a shielding structure around the monolith
Radius 15/28 m.
5 m high
868 m2 roof footprint area
Layered structure of HDPE, HDPE+B and Steel

3. The material HDPE+B High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE)
Added BoronOxide provides
Radiation shielding
Higher melting point (135˚C)
Fire retardant properties
Material experiments by Madsen
HDPE+B
Heat of combustion = 38 MJ/kg
Euroclass D
Drips when burning
Different behaviour when burning in a vertical orientation

4. The problem Building regulations Defence in depth
Prevent fires from starting
Detect and extinguish those fires that start
Prevent fire spread
Loss of Property
Building regulations
Extended travel distances to an escape route
The fire resistance of the roof structural elements
The required classification on fire separating building components
Classification of surface lining materials
Rescue service operation

5. The analysis CFD-analysis Hand-calculations
Potential 300 MW vs 30 MW design fire
Temperature analysis
Flashover?
Structural collapse?
Hand-calculations
Fire load density
5700 MJ/m2 vs 800 MJ/m2
Potential reduction due to sprinkler
Travel distances
80+ m vs 50 m

6. The solution Encase the exposed HDPE Protected fire load
At a glance
The solution
Encase the exposed HDPE
Protected fire load
Prevent fire spread
Prevent melting and ignition
Minimize the heat release rate …
Sprinkler inside the bunker
Rescue service operation inside bunker is difficult
Surface lining
Safe egress
Reduce fire load …

7. The future Focus on protected fire load Analyze protecitve measures
FEM Heat transfer calculations
Bunker structural integrity in case of fire
Required fire resistance of structual elements
Design by natural fire
Sprinkler taken into account

8. Thank you!
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