1. GREAT LIMPOPO TRANSFRONTIER PARK (GLTP) AND CONSERVATION AREA (GLTFCA)

2. PURPOSE OF TALK To provide broad overview of salient ecological and socio-economic issues pertaining to the Great Limpopo Trans Frontier Conservation Area, and Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park To provide broad overview of salient ecological and socio-economic issues pertaining to the Great Limpopo Trans Frontier Conservation Area, and Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park

3. GLTFCA

5. KEY ISSUES PROCESS PROCESS PEOPLE PEOPLE WILDLIFE: Translocation, Fence, Migration WILDLIFE: Translocation, Fence, Migration

6. GLTFCA INCLUDES GLTP, INTERSTITIAL AREAS in MOZ, BANHINE NATIONAL PARK, ZINAVE NATIONAL PARK, INCLUDES GLTP, INTERSTITIAL AREAS in MOZ, BANHINE NATIONAL PARK, ZINAVE NATIONAL PARK, As well as Kruger to Canyon Biosphere Reserve to west of KNP, Sengwe corridor in Zimbabwe As well as Kruger to Canyon Biosphere Reserve to west of KNP, Sengwe corridor in Zimbabwe

7. KRUGER NATIONAL PARK 2 million ha 2 million ha Highly developed infrastructure Highly developed infrastructure Relatively Well Watered, WILDLIFE Relatively Well Watered, WILDLIFE Established Management Regime Established Management Regime Residents, live in Staff Villages Residents, live in Staff Villages Makuleke Region: Contractual Park Makuleke Region: Contractual Park

8. LIMPOPO NATIONAL PARK, MOZ Nearly half of the area is sandveld covered by mopane, ironwood and broadleaf savanna. Nearly half of the area is sandveld covered by mopane, ironwood and broadleaf savanna. Largely waterless in dry season, apart from Shingwedzi and Limpopo rivers Largely waterless in dry season, apart from Shingwedzi and Limpopo rivers Very little wildlife currently occurs in the area. Very little wildlife currently occurs in the area. No infrastructure No infrastructure Some 27 000 people live in the Park Some 27 000 people live in the Park

9. GhonarheZhou, Zimbabwe Intermediate stage of development Intermediate stage of development Current tensions Current tensions

10. BANHINE NATIONAL PARK SPECTACULAR WETLAND SYSTEM SPECTACULAR WETLAND SYSTEM 2000 PEOPLE, SYSTEM OF REGULATED LAND USE, 2000 PEOPLE, SYSTEM OF REGULATED LAND USE,

11. BANHINE

12. BANHINE

13. PROCESS GLTP- Driven by ngo, donor, political leadership, steering committee GLTP- Driven by ngo, donor, political leadership, steering committee Peace Parks Foundation, German KfW Peace Parks Foundation, German KfW Ahead of on-the-ground process Ahead of on-the-ground process

14. PROCESS (contd) People in LNP all but ignored initially People in LNP all but ignored initially Eg LNP proclaimed, elephant release, fence cutting prior to engagement with communities Eg LNP proclaimed, elephant release, fence cutting prior to engagement with communities High level of Publicity, High level of Publicity, Belated process of engagement Belated process of engagement

15. PROCESS (contd) Sanctuary established Sanctuary established PROGNOSIS:- approx 4-5 year process of engagement, negotiation around voluntary resettlement PROGNOSIS:- approx 4-5 year process of engagement, negotiation around voluntary resettlement

16. PEOPLE, LNP LNP- 27000 people resident LNP- 27000 people resident Maize, beans, livestock, woodland products, remittances, migratory labour Maize, beans, livestock, woodland products, remittances, migratory labour Shingwedzi key for people, tourism and wildlife Shingwedzi key for people, tourism and wildlife

17. PEOPLE (contd) Voluntary resettlement plan Voluntary resettlement plan Boundary refinement (zones) Boundary refinement (zones)

18. PEOPLE, BANHINE NP Villages in WOODLAND Villages in WOODLAND Pans and Permanent Floodplain used for drought survival Pans and Permanent Floodplain used for drought survival Strictly Controlled Access, under traditional authority, mistaken for terra nullius Strictly Controlled Access, under traditional authority, mistaken for terra nullius Sustainable now and next 10 years or so at reasonable projection, eg wood use within 2 km radius, fields rotated, sanctions on natural products, only 2000 people Sustainable now and next 10 years or so at reasonable projection, eg wood use within 2 km radius, fields rotated, sanctions on natural products, only 2000 people

19. BANHINE

20. BANHINE

21. BANHINE, survival cropping

23. WILDLIFE The Fences The Fences KNP-LNP KNP-LNP KNP-Zimbabwe KNP-Zimbabwe KNP-west KNP-west LNP-Banhine-Zinave LNP-Banhine-Zinave

24. WILDLIFE (contd) What Migration??? What Migration??? Relocation vs gradual colonisation Relocation vs gradual colonisation Water point- Policy 1 Water point- Policy 1 The Sanctuary in LNP The Sanctuary in LNP Banhine and Zinave:- negotiated introduction of non-dangerous animals Banhine and Zinave:- negotiated introduction of non-dangerous animals

25. CONCLUDING REMARKS Addressing peoples needs Addressing peoples needs Sustainability: Unlikely that most components will be profitable. Sustainability: Unlikely that most components will be profitable. OPTIONS: GEF, Endowment funding, debt for nature swaps, or what… OPTIONS: GEF, Endowment funding, debt for nature swaps, or what…