1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FAR 131 BASIC PHYSIOLOGY GROUP 9 MEMBERS:
ANIS FAZEERA BINTI AHMAD FUAD
KHOR JUU YEEI
MOHD ZULFIKAR BIN AHMAD FAUZI
NOR FADZLIN SAKINA BINTI JAFFERI
NUR MAHIRAH BINTI ABDUL MANAF
TAY SUE CHYEN
TENGKU NABILAH SURAYA

2. Tube sys lead to the lungs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Lung
Tube sys lead to the lungs
Respiratory portion
Conducting portion
Respiratory bronchioles
Provide passage- airlung
Condition inspired air
Mucosa identical to mucosa of terminal bronchioles BUT numerous alveoli extend from wall.
No goblet cell.
Ciliated cuboidal cell & clora cell
L.propria(smooth muscle,elastic fibres)
Cartilage
Elastic fibre
Dust and gaseous impuritiestrap in:
-vibrissae(specialized hair)
-layer of mucous(mucous gland)
Cleansed
Support wall
Prevent collapselumen
At periphery Lamina propria
flexibility
Flow chart
Smooth muscle
Alveolar ducts
Mucous & serous secretion(moisten air)
Protect alveolar lining from dessication
Moisted
Simple squamous epithelium.
Alveolar sacs are disintended space
Elastic fibreenable aveoli- expand(inspiration),contract(expiration) .
Reticular fibre prevent- overdistension & damage to capillaries.
Encircles tube
From tracheaalveolar duct
Alveoli
Sac-like evagination.
O2,CO2 exchangedair&blood
Interalveolar septum(alveolar wall):
2 thin squamous epithelium layer.
Between layer(interstitium)
Interstitium: capillaries,CT(elastic,reticular fibre & fibroblast)
By a rich network of capillaries.
warmed

3. RESPIRATORY Lungs SYSTEM System of tubes Leading to the lung
FUNCTIONS:
Provide an intake of O2
Eliminate CO2

4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONDUCTING PORTION Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
RESPIRATORY PORTION
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli

6. CONDUCTING PORTION

7. FUNCTIONS: Cartilage ~ support wall, preventing collapse of lumen
1) Provide a conduct through which air can travel to & from the lungs
Cartilage
~ support wall, preventing collapse of lumen
Elastic fibres
~ flexibility ~
Smooth muscle
~ contraction reduce of conducting tubules
(regulate air flow during inspiration & expiration)

8. 2) Condition the inspired air (clean, moisten, warm)
Vibrissae
~ remove dust particles & other substance
Mucous & serous secretions
~ moisten incoming air, protect alveolar
lining from desiccation
Rich network of blood capillaries
~ warm in-coming air

9. RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
Line the mucosa of conducting portion
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar + goblet cells
5 TYPE OF CELLS:
1) Ciliated columnar cell
Most abundant
Each cells have about 300 cilia on its apical surface
Beneath cilia are numerous mitochondria, supply ATP for cilia beating.
2) Mucous goblet cell
Next most abundant
Apical cytoplasm contains mucin granules

10. RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
3) Brush cell
Numerous microvillus on its apical surfaces
Are columnar epithelial cell
Have nerve ending on basal surface (sensory receptor)
4) Basal cells (short cells)
Small rounded cell
Lie on basal lamina but do not extend to luminal surface of respiratory epithelium
Generative stem cell that undergo mitosis and differentiate to other cell types
5) Small granule cell
Resemble basal cell except it contains numerous granules
Granules control secretory activity of goblet cells and other glands

12. Layers of Tracheal Wall
TRACHEA ~ extended from larynx
Layers of Tracheal Wall
MUCOSA
Consist of:
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Lamina propia
-elastic & reticular fibers
-Provide same protection against dust as the membrane lining the nasal cavity & larynx
HYALINE CARTILAGE
From horizontal ring that resembles C-shaped.
Fxn: Provide semirigid support so that tracheal wall does not collapsed inward.
The open end s of hyaline cartilage bridged by smooth muscle,trachealis muscle, and fibroelastic ligament
SUBMUCOSA
Consist of:
Areolar connective tissue
-Seromucous glands & their ducts
ADVENTITIA
Consist of:
Areolar connective tissue
-Joins the trachea to sorrounding tissues.

13. Interesting, right?
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