1. Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker
Randal M. Ernst

2. Biopsychological Domain

3. The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

4. The Brain
Module 07

6. definitions Thalamus:
sensory switchboard; all sensory info goes here and gets directed to the brain for processing.
Reticular formation:
Network that controls wakefulness and arousal.

7. Medulla:
Controls basic life support function (breathing, heartbeat, circulation, swallowing, etc)
Spinal cord:
Connects the brain to the rest of your body

8. Cerebellum:
Also called the mini brain. Controls voluntary movement and balance. If you had damage, it is possible that you would decide to move and attempt, but you would probably lose balance.
Frontal lobe:
controls thinking and judgement; what separates us from animals

9. Parietal lobe:
touch and sensory processing
Occipital lobes:
Controls vision(visual processing)

10. Temporal lobes:
Controls hearing (auditory processing)
Central fissure:
Boundary or separation between your frontal and parietal lobes

11. Lateral fissure:
Marks area between lower limits of frontal lobes and upper limits of temporal lobes.
Hippocampus:
Processes new memories for permanent storage

12. Amygdala:
Controls many emotional responses.
Hypothalamus:
Regulates body’s maintenance functions (hunger, thirst, body temperature, stress control); also has to do with emotional pleasure.

13. Figure 7.3 Phineas Gage Blair-Broeker and Ernst: Thinking About Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Worth Publishers

14. Phineas Gage Phineas Gage Story Getting to Know your Brain
fist method (5 mins)
memorize the parts of the brain easily!

15. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Brainstem
Module 7: The Brain

17. The brains of most animals and all mammals share certain similarities such as basic functions like digestion and respiration.
The more complex the organism, the more complex and highly developed its brain
The parts of the brain developed first tend to be in the inside lower regions of the brain.

19. Brainstem The oldest part and central core of the brain;
It begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
Is responsible for automatic survival functions

20. Brainstem

21. Medulla Located at the base of the brainstem
Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing
Damage to this area can lead to death.

22. Medulla

23. Reticular Formation
A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal
Extending up and down the spinal cord into the brain
Controls an organism’s level of alertness
Damage to this area can cause a coma.

24. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Thalamus
Module 7: The Brain

25. Thalamus Sits atop the brainstem The brain’s sensory switchboard –
Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex
Thalamus is Greek for “inner chamber.”

26. Thalamus

27. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Cerebellum
Module 7: The Brain

28. Cerebellum Latin for the “little brain”
Attached to the rear of the brain
Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
If damaged, the person could perform basic movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

29. Cerebellum

30. Cerebellum

31. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Limbic System
Module 7: The Brain

32. Limbic System
A ring of structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst
Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

33. Hypothalamus A neural structure lying below the thalamus
Regulates the body’s maintenance activities such as; eating, drinking, body temperature, and it linked to emotion
Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual function

35. Hippocampus
A neural center located in the limbic system that wraps around the back of the thalamus
Helps processing new memories for permanent storage
Looks something like a seahorse
Hippo is Greek for “horse.”

37. Amygdala Two almond shaped neural cluster in the limbic system
Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger

39. The Cerebral Cortex
Module 7: The Brain

40. Cerebral Cortex
The intricate fabric of interconnected neurons that form the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Covers the brain’s lower level structures
Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
Divided into four lobes
brain song (2 mins)

41. Corpus Callosum
The large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other
Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures

42. Corpus Callosum

43. Longitudinal Fissure
The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres
This and other fissures in the brain create major divisions in the brain called lobes

46. Frontal Lobes
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead
Is involved in planning and judgments
Includes the motor cortex

48. Parietal Lobes
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying on the top of the head and toward the rear
Includes the somatosensory cortex and general association areas used in processing information
Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning
Designated as the association lobes
Behind the frontal lobes

50. Occipital Lobe
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head
It includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain

52. Temporal Lobes Includes the auditory (hearing) areas of the brain
Where sound information is processed
Located roughly above the ears

54. Motor Cortex
The strip of brain tissue at the rear of the frontal lobes
Controls voluntary movement
Different parts of the cortex control different parts of the body.
The motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and visa versa.

57. Somatosensory Cortex
The brain are located in the front of the parietal lobes
Registers and processes body sensations
Soma is Greek for “body.”

60. Differences Between the Two Hemispheres Left and Right Brain Games
Module 7: The Brain

61. Hemispheric Differences
“Left-brained” and “right-brained” debunked
Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity.
Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum, except in those with split brains.

62. Differences Between the Two Hemispheres: Language and Spatial Abilities
Module 7: The Brain

63. The Brain’s Left Hemisphere
For most people, language functions are in the left hemisphere.
For a small percentage of people, language functions are in the right hemisphere.

64. Broca’s Area The brain area of the left frontal lobe
Directs the muscle movements involve in speech
If damaged the person can form the ideas but cannot express them as speech
tono tono man

66. Wernicke’s Area A brain area of the left temporal lobe
Involved in language comprehension and expression
Our ability to understand what is said to us
Usually in the left temporal lobe
example (2 mins)

68. The Brain’s Right Hemisphere
Houses the brain’s spatial abilities
Our spatial ability allows us to perceive or organize things in a given space, judge distance, etc.
Helps in making connections between words

70. Split Brain Research

71. Split Brain Research

72. Split Brain Research

73. Split Brain Research

74. Split Brain Research

75. Split Brain Research

76. Split Brain Research

77. split brain behavior

78. Brain Differences between Men and Women
A Tale of Two Brains (13 mins)

80. Latest Research:
The research on the differences of male and female brains is rather inconclusive. But here are some discoveries that do or could exist:
When rhesus monkeys are studied, male monkeys preferred “wheeled toys” and female monkeys preferred “plush toys”. But the brains of animals and humans are different.

81. -different areas in the brain of men and women “light up” during visuospatial navigation tasks (like getting out of a maze) -Some studies suggest that even though men and women’s brains have some physiological differences, we cannot divide them into male and female.

82. Men’s brains are slightly larger than female brains.
Research does show that men and women are susceptible to largely different brain disorders
Males: autism, ADHD, conduct disorder, language impairment, Tourette syndrome, dyslexia
Females: depression, anxiety disorder and anorexia nervosa

83. Brain Plasticity
The brain’s extraordinary ability to compensate for damage or injury
Especially strong in the young
The cerebral cortex can actually reprogram itself to compensate
The brain adapts to it’s environment
the girl with half a brain
Jill Bolte Taylor Stroke of Insight

84. Studying the Brain: Scanning Techniques
Module 05: The Brain

85. Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT)
A series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body.
Reveals the brain’s structure

86. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A technique that sues magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among types of soft tissue;
this allows us to see structures within the brain.

87. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface;
these waves, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp, are helpful in evaluating brain function.

88. Positron Emission Tomography Scan (PET scan)
A visual display of brain activity.
Injection of a radioactive glucose
Reveals the brain’s functioning

89. the neuroanatomical teenage brain Jill Bolte Taylor

90. The End

91. Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a concept to the presentation

92. Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete this box when finished