1. Mortality among hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: Case- mix effects 
David A. Goodkin, MD, Eric W. Young, MD, MS, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, MD, MACP, Karl-Goran Prütz, MD, Nathan W. Levin, MD 
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 
Volume 44, Pages (November 2004)
DOI: /j.ajkd
Copyright © 2004 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Cox survival curves by region: (A) unadjusted and (B) adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidities. Adjustments include age, sex, race, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, other cardiac disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomegaly by x-ray, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, dyspnea, smoking, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, gastrointestinal bleed, peptic ulcer disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, neurologic disease, psychiatric disease, recurrent cellulitis or gangrene, and vision problems. Reprinted with permission from Goodkin et al,3 “Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan and the United States: The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS),” J Am Soc Nephrol 2003:14: © 2003 by the American Society of Nephrology.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , 16-21DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2004 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Variation in HBV prevalence by patient’s time with end-stage renal disease. The mean time on end-stage renal disease was 4.9 years, with a standard deviation of 5.4 years. Reprinted from Burdick et al4 with the permission of Blackwell Publishing. © 2003 by the International Society of Nephrology.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , 16-21DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2004 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Variation in HCV prevalence by patient’s time with end-stage renal disease. The mean time on end-stage renal disease was 4.9 years, with a standard deviation of 5.4 years. Reprinted from Fissell et al5 with the permission of Blackwell Publishing. © 2004 by the International Society of Nephrology.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , 16-21DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2004 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions