1. Experiences of Repository Developments In Tanzania.
Tanzanian Institution Case:

2. Introduction/Background
Open Access movement started in 2008 at UDSM through series of sensitization workshops and seminars.
In 2009 UDSM Library came up with IR policy draft for UDSM IR
In 2012-Three (3) repositories were launched
i MUHAS IR
ii. Ifakara Health Institute (IHI)
iii. Open University of Tanzania
Followed by CCIAM (climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation) repository in hosted by SUA
In 2013 Tanzania Medical Students (TAMSA) formed a very strong movement team for Open Access and in 2014 TAMSA established an Open Access social movement known as Open Access Tanzania (#OATanzania) on Facebook
In Eleven (11) Institutional Repositories were registered online which exists to date.

3. What worked
Eleven (11) Institutional Repositories deployed and registered online since 2012 to date see Open Doar (
IR Policies adopted
Five repository policies adopted
Four repository policy drafts are in the process of being passed

4. Areas that didn’t work well/Challenges (Areas for Improvement)
Lack of Awareness on
Open Access concepts and its benefits
Low rate of growth of some repositories in terms of the number content
Lack of experts on repositories
Skills: No enough technical skills to the institution to implement IRs
For efficient management of IRs, librarians and technical personnel/systems administrators should work closely to sustain the repositories.

5. Technical Experience
Digital Objects ID integration (DOI and handle server)
Repository Management.
General management of IR operations (Responsible Personnel?)
Disaster recovery plan.
Implementation of IR interoperability standards such as harvesting and data exchange among repositories.

6. Financial Implication
Budget for IR in the institution: training staff of essential technical skill to support IR, awareness campaigns.
Some authors were not interested in participating without monetary benefit

7. Faculties & Copyright
Faculties are often unaware of whether or not they have retained the rights to their own work, and therefore, whether they can post an article in an institutional repository.
To convince faculty to take advantage of the institution repository:
plagiarism that is a concern for some faculty members.
Qaul-phobia (Fear among scholars on the quality of their work)

8. Management support Inadequate Intuitional Support
Top management support is paramount for successful implementation as there is often a need for staffing changes or redistribution of roles and potentially the need to hire more staff to cater for the increased workload that comes with the initiative.

9. General remarks
IRs are yet to come up with clear guiding principles and best practices on how the institutions are to handle the challenges that arise
However IR is very useful to higher educational institutions as a means to promote and share the results of research and writings of academics and researchers.

10. Brief about the Country
United Republic of Tanzania was formed as the a result of uniting to countries which are Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba Islands) and Tanganyika which is the mainland.
First Leader: Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1977–1999 )
Population: According to the 2018 latest United Nations estimates Tanzania has a total of 58 million people.
127 Tribes (we all speak Swahili)
Literacy rate: 77.89% of adults are literate
University Education
There are 43 fully flagged universities: 12 public & 21 private, with 16 University colleges.
Tanzania Internet Users
The number of Internet users in Tanzania rose by 16 percent at the end of 2017 to 23 million.

11. Asanteni
Dr. Paul Muneja
Mr. Joshua Jacob
Mr. Daniel Deogratius