1. Objective
Understand the concepts of modern operating systems by investigating the most popular operating system in the current and future market
Provide a brief overview on Microsoft Windows® 2000

2. Motivation Gates officially unveils Windows 2000 on February 17th
First time to release its source code
It was described as the future of the computing
The benefits and weakness
There is a necessity of better understanding Windows® 2000

3. Scope Windows 2000 Windows family & other operating systems - Unix
- Architecture
- Kernel
- Active directory
- Thread and States
- Virtual memory
- File system
- Security
Windows family & other operating systems - Unix

4. Introduction – Major Products
Windows 2000 Professional
- designed to replace Windows NT and 9x on business desktops
Windows 2000 Server
- aimed at improving the infrastructure for file servers and servers
- it scales from 1 to 4 processors and up to 4 gigabytes

5. Introduction – Major Products
Windows 2000 Advanced Server
- designed to help companies achieve a competitive advantage through richer and faster Web sites
- scales from 1 to 8 processors and up to 8 gigabytes

6. Windows 2000 - SDK and DDK provide the tools for developing 64-bit O.S
Exploits the power of today’s 32-bit microprocessors
- SDK and DDK provide the tools for developing 64-bit O.S

7. Architectural Component
Comparison of 64-bit and 32-bit Architectures
Architectural Component
64-bit Windows 2000
32-bit Windows 2000
Virtual Memory
16 TB
4 GB
Paging file size
512 TB
Hyperspace
8 GB
4 MB
Paged pool
128 GB
470 MB
Non-paged pool
256 MB
System cache
1 TB
1 GB
System PTE
660 MB

8. Windows 2000 Provides full multi-tasking in a single-user environment
Client/Server computing
- W2k readily scales from one or two servers with a few dozen clients to hundreds of servers and thousands of clients
- W2K’s multi-server approach

9. Windows 2000 Architecture Modular structure for flexibility
Executes on a variety of hardware platforms
Supports application written for a variety of other operating system

10. Windows 2000 Kernel
Small operating system core contains only essential operating systems functions
Improved kernel – only the core gets involved

12. Compare to UNIX Architecture
Hardware is surrounded by the operating-system
Operating system is called the kernel
Comes with a number of user services and interfaces
- shell
- C compiler

14. Windows 2000 Thread States Ready Standby Running Waiting Transition
Terminated

15. Windows 2000 Thread States

16. Active Directory Service
A true hierarchical, distributed directory service for managing resources across an enterprise or extranet

17. Active Directory Service
New in the Windows 2000 O.S
Plays a major role in implementing the organization’s network
Accomplishing the business goals

18. Active Directory Store Structure Inter-communicate
- Hierarchically stores information about network objects
Structure
- Organized by constructs such as domains, trees, Ous and sites
Inter-communicate
- Based on standard directory access protocols
- Interoperate with other directory services

19. Virtual Memory
Windows 2000 Paging
- Available
- Reserved
- Committed

21. File System Key features of NTFS - Recoverability - Security
- Large disks and large files
- Multiple data streams
- General indexing facility

23. Security Access control scheme - Name/Password
- Access token associated with each process object indicating privileges associated with a user
- One can apply file permissions at the file and/or folder level

25. Comparison of W2K and W9x – Similarities
Both supports:
- FAT16, FAT32 file system
- Universal Serial Bus (USB) 1.1
- Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
- File and printer sharing
- Plug and Play
- Multiple monitors, Internet Connection Sharing, Fire Wire 1394, Long file Name, DVD
- Dial-Up Networking

26. Comparison of W2K and W9x – Differences
Support the NTFS file system
Multiple processors
- W2K Professional supports dual processors
- W2K Server supports four processors
Security
Built-in policies

27. Comparison of W2K and W9x – Differences
The Windows File Protection feature
Driver signing
Enhanced power management and Plug and Play capabilities
Fewer reboots

28. Strength Supports Internet-enabled applications Dial-up networking
Provides superior reliability
Centralized desktop and server manageability
Optimized for new hardware devices
Significant security improvements

29. Weakness Concerns of its stability Active/X model needs revising
Old programs will not run with Windows 2000
Based on Windows NT
Windows ME fails to address the basic problems

30. Future
The future of computing
64-bit processor
Compatible with Unix