1. Chapter 01 Organization of the body
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2. Introduction
Anatomy – structure of a part and its relationship to other structures
Physiology – function of a part, individually and as part of a system
Example: a neuron is a brain cell that is structured to transmit both electrical and chemical signals to allow for communication.
The structure of a part suits the function of a part (they complement each other).

3. Organization of Body Parts
Levels of Organization
Chemical – atoms, molecules, and macromolecules that compose the cellular organelles that perform the functions of the cell
Cellular – basic unit of life
Tissue – similar cells that perform a specific function
Organs – several types of tissues that perform a specific function
Organ Systems – several organs that work together to perform related functions
Organism – all the systems that interact to make the whole organism

4. Anatomical Position Anatomical position
Common reference point for all anatomical terms
Standing erect, face, palms, and toes facing forward, arms at sides

6. Directional Terms

8. Regions of the Body
Axial portion – head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular portion – upper and lower limbs

9. Terms for body parts and areas

10. Planes and Sections of the Body
Sagittal (median) plane – divides body into right and left portions
Midsagittal – exactly through the midline
Parasagittal – any cut not through the midline
Frontal (coronal) plane – divides body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (horizontal) plane – divides body into superior and inferior portions

11. Gummy bear activity
Obtain 3 gummy bears, a scalpel, and a paper plate from the teacher
Make one of each of the below cuts to create two different body sections on 3 different gummy bears
Cuts:
Gummy bear 1: transverse plane
Gummy bear 2: midsagittal plane
Gummy bear 3: frontal plane
Use the correct terminology as you work!!
Please place the scalpels in the provided container
Return to your seats with your gummy bear body sections

12. Body planes and sections

13. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment
External conditions may change dramatically
Internal conditions stay within a narrow range
Sensor – detects a change in the internal environment
Control center – activates the effector
Effector – produces a response to the change
Example: eyes (sensors) detect a bright light and generates an impulse to the brain (control center) that causes and effector like a muscle around the eye to contract
Illness results if internal conditions change to any great degree

14. Video:https://www. bing. com/videos/search

15. Primary homeostatic mechanism: negative feedback

16. Mechanical example of negative feedback

17. Mechanical example of negative feedback

18. Body temperature regulation

20. Positive feedback
Effector continues to stimulate the sensor so that a greater change in the internal environment occurs
Helps in completing a process that has a cutoff point
Blood clotting
Childbirth
Can be harmful

21. Positive feedback