1. by Herbert A. Simon 2011. 11. 23 유광용, 송경희 기술혁신세미나
“The Sciences of the Artificial”
by Herbert A. Simon
유광용, 송경희

2. Summary
Natural science( how things are) V.S. Design(How things ought to be)
Optimization theory: utility theory and statistical decision theory
- used as a logical framework for rational choice among given alternatives by deducing which of the available alternatives is the optimum
Choosing satisfactory alternatives:
- a practical procedure pursuing not the best but better, satisfactory alternatives,
- searching for all alternatives is the computations required astronomical and cannot be carried out by humans and existing, or even prospective computers
Design as resource allocation
- Cost minimization as a design criterion has changed from implicit to explicit consideration and design functions as resource allocation
Design of complex system
- decompose it into semi-independent components corresponding to its many functional parts
Mutually rewarding conversation and experiences sharing
- helped us combat our own multiple-cultures isolation
- The ability to communicate across fields comes using computers in complex ways or participating in the process of design

3. Discussion points
 Regarding what H.A. Simon suggested, here are the two points we may need to consider:
‘Bounded rationality’ as constraints in decision making (searching for the optimum) is his core concept of satisficing alternatives. What constraints can we think of besides the followings?
Limited , often un reliable information regarding possible alternatives and
their consequences
Human’s limited ability to evaluate and process available information
Time constrains under which decisions must be made
(2)“Hierarchy of design and decomposition” is his one of core concepts. What do you think of the relations among decomposition, module, and analysis? Are they are related with bounded rationality?

4. Thank You !