1. Chapter 11 Class Inheritance

2. Chapter 11
Inheritance is that property of object-oriented programming that allows one class, called a derived class, to share the structure and behavior of another class, called a base class.

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A family of bank account classes

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The important link between a derived class and its base class is the IS-A link. For instance, a checking account IS-A bank account. The IS-A relationship must exist if inheritance is used properly. If there is no IS-A relationship, inheritance should not be used.

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Format for Declaring Derived Classes
class derived class : public base class {
Derived Class Member Functions
Derived Class Member Data
}; //END CLASS

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A protected member of a class is a member that is accessible to both the base class and any derived classes of the base class in which it is declared. Use the keyword protected when declaring a member of a class if you want to allow access to the member by a derived class. The # symbol is used in UML to denote a protected class member.

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An abstract class is a base class for which objects will never be created.

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A public base class allows all public members of the base class to be public in the derived class.

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Single inheritance occurs when the inherited class members can be traced back to a single parent class.
Multiple inheritance occurs when the inherited class members can be traced back to more than one parent class.

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Use #ifndef When Declaring Base Classes in C++, as follows:
#ifndef HEADER FILE NAME_H
#define HEADER FILE NAME _H
BASE CLASS DECLARATION
#endif

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The term polymorphic is Greek meaning “of many forms.”
A polymorphic function is one that has the same name for different classes of the same family, but has different implementations, or behavior, for the various classes.

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Dynamic, or late, binding occurs when a polymorphic function is defined for several classes in a family but the actual code for the function is not attached, or bound, until execution time.
A polymorphic function that is dynamically bound is called a virtual function.

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Static binding occurs when a polymorphic function is defined for several classes in a family and the actual code for the function is attached, or bound, at compile time. Overloaded functions are statically bound.