1. Kingdom Plantae

2. What is a plant -multi-cellular, eukaryote -mainly sexual reproduction
-autotrophic, contains chloroplast (photosynthesis)
-cells have cellulose cell walls
Related to algae
Non-motile (cannot move on their own)

3. Roots
Roots - anchor plants and take up water & nutrients

4. Stems
-Vascular tissue - Transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant
-xylem – transports upward (makes rings of trees)
-phloem – transports downward (right under bark)
Capillary action – adhesion & cohesion working together to move water.

5. Leaves Leaf- contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis
stomata – small openings in leaves which allow plants to release water for transpiration. (guard cells open and close stomata)
Cuticle- a waxy waterproof layer on top of leaves to keep water in.

6. Plant Generations Sporophyte – diploid stage (tree, shrub,grass)
Gametophyte – haploid reproductive stage (pollen, spores)

7. Non-Seed Plants
Sexual reproduction by uniting egg and sperm in water to make spores.
Bryophytes – lack vascular tissue (ex. Moss)
Pterophytes – have vascular tissue. (ex. Fern)

8. Seed Plants
Reproduce sexually by uniting egg and pollen (sperm) through pollination to make seeds (plant embryos).
Gymnosperms – use cones to disperse seeds
ex. Pine trees
Angiosperms– make flowers and use fruit to disperse seeds
ex. Maple

10. Attracting Pollinators and Dispersing Seeds
Colors of flowers, scent, nector, mimicry
Seed Dispersal
Eating fruit, wind, water, hooks

12. Plant Adaptations Geotropism—a plant’s response to gravity (roots)
Phototropism—a plant’s response to light (leaves)
Thigmotropism—a plant’s response to touch (vines)