1. Participles

2. Participle: Review
“ing” words
Not really a mood
Verbal Adjectives
Participial phrase

3. Adjectival Participle
John 4:11
“Sir, you have no bucket and the well is deep. How then are you going to draw the living water (τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν)?”

4. Substantival Participle
1 John 3:6
“No one who sins (ὁ ἁμαρτάνων) has seen Him or knows Him” (NASB).

5. Adverbial Participles
Rom 5:3
ESV: “We rejoice in our sufferings, knowing (εἰδότες) that suffering produces endurance.”
NIV: “We also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance.”

6. No absolute time (relative – later) Aspect
Aspect in Participles
No absolute time (relative – later)
Aspect
Continuous (present)
Undefined (aorist)
Perfective (perfect)

7. Continuous Participle
Matt 2:18
“A voice is heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping (κλαίουσα) for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.”

8. Undefined Participle Rom 1:21
“For although they knew (γνόντες) God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him.”

9. Perfective Participle
John 8:31
“So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed (τοὺς πεπιστευκότας) in him, ‘If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples.’”

10. Adverbial Participles
Normally modify main verb
Often in nominative case
Always anarthrous
Flexible; context; Translations will differ

11. Adverbial Participles: Temporal
Heb 1:3
“He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making (ποιησάμενος) purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high” (ESV).

12. Adverbial Participles: Temporal
Rom 5:10
“For if, while we were (ὄντες) enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, then how much more, having been reconciled, will we be saved by His life! ” (HCSB)

13. Adverbial Participles: Means
Eph 2:14-15
NRSV: “He ... has broken down the dividing wall, that is, the hostility between us. He has abolished the law.”
ESV: “by abolishing the law”

14. Adverbial Participles: Causal
Rom 5:3
ESV: “More than that, we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing (εἰδότες) that suffering produces endurance.”
HCSB: “And not only that, but we also rejoice in our afflictions, because we know that affliction produces endurance.”

15. Adverbial Participles: Conditional
1 Tim 4:4
NASB: “For everything created by God is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received (λαμβανόμενον) with thanksgiving.”

16. Adverbial Participles: Concessive
John 10:33
ESV: “It is not for a good work that we are going to stone you but for blasphemy, because you, being (ὤν) a man, make yourself God.“
NRSV: “because you, though only a human being, are making yourself God”
NIV: “because you, a mere man, claim to be God”

17. Relative Time “Absolute” “Relative” Present: same time
Aorist: prior time
Perfect: prior and same

18. Present Participle: Present Indicative
Matt 13:13
“Seeing (βλέποντες) they do not see (βλέπουσιν), and hearing (ἀκούοντες) they do not hear (ἀκούουσιν) nor do they understand (συνίουσιν).”

19. Present Participle: Aorist Indicative
Matt 16:1
“Now when the Pharisees and Sadducees came to test (πειράζοντες) Jesus, they asked (ἐπηρώτησαν) him to show them a sign from heaven.”

20. Aorist Participle: Present Indicative
Mark 15:17
“And twisting (πλέξαντες) some thorns into a crown, they placed (περιτιθέασιν) it on him.”

21. Aorist Participle: Aorist Indicative
Matt 2:11
“Upon entering the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and falling (πεσόντες) to their knees they worshiped (προσεκύνησαν) him.”