1. THE LAWS OF LOGIC
Let’s be reasonable!

2. What is logic?
Logic is the process of reasoning or thinking in order to arrive at valid conclusions. Another name is critical thinking.
Everyone uses logic to solve problems
Aristotle defined rules of logic

3. The law of identity A is A and not non-A Everything is itself
Example: a tree is a tree and not a snake

4. The laws of logic The law of non-contradiction
This is the basic law of logic
A is not non-A at the same time and in the same relationship
Example: I am a father and a son at the same time, but not in the same relationship

5. The law of causality Every effect has a cause
(Not: everything has a cause)
Example: Computers do not just “happen,” they are caused

6. The law of the excluded middle
Either A or not A
A statement is either true or false, not both
Example: “it is raining” is either true or false