1. Vehicle Operation Basics
Chapter 5

2. 5.1 Starting the Engine Automatic Transmission
Selector Lever Positions
Shift Indicator shows the gear position
Park (P)
Reverse (R)
Neutral (N)
Drive (D)
Low (L1 and L2 or 1 and 2)
Starting the Engine
Make sure parking brake is set
Make sure car is in Park
If car has Fuel Injection, keep foot off the accelerator
Turn ignition switch to ON, continue turning the key to start the engine, release the key as soon as the engine starts
Check gauges, warning lights, and fuel supply

3. Starting the Engine Manual Transmission Stickshift Gears
Neutral (N) – Used for Standing still or starting the engine
First (1) – Used to start the vehicle moving to a forward speed of mph
Second (2) – Used to accelerate to a speed of mph
Third (3) – Used for speeds of mph
Fourth (4) – Used for highway driving. Speeds above 35 mph
Fifth (5) – Used for highway driving at speeds above 45 mph
Reverse (R) – This gear is used for backing

4. Manual Transmission Friction Point
Point at which the engine engages the transmission
Downshifting – Shifting from a higher gear to a lower gear. Used to gain added control or gain extra power.
Riding the Clutch – Habit of resting your foot on the clutch pedal while driving. This cause clutch wear and can lead to expensive repairs.

5. 5.2 Steering Steering Hand Position Tracking
To control a vehicle’s direction of travel
Hand Position
9 o’clock & 3 o’clock
Two hands at all times gives you optimum control of the vehicle
Tracking
A method of steering that allows you to keep your vehicle on the intended path of travel.
Look toward the center of the lane ahead and make slight movements with the steering wheel

7. Steering
Oversteering
Turning the steering wheel too much

8. Steering Understeering
Do not turn the wheel enough to keep the vehicle in the planned path.

10. Steering 2. Right Turn 3. Getting the wheel back to driving position
Hand-Over-Hand
1. Left Turn --- Opposite of right turn
2. Right Turn
3. Getting the wheel back to driving position

11. 5.3 Backing Up

12. Backing Left and Right
Backing left - visual search pattern is over left shoulder
Backing Right - visual search pattern is over right shoulder
Steps to follow:
Before backing, check traffic
Back into your lane
Begin to unwind the steering wheel back to a straight position

13. Steering Straight Backwards
Hold brake and shift to Reverse
Turn body to the right and look backwards.
Put Left hand on the top of the wheel. 12:00 o’clock position
Release pressure from the brake just enough to creep back slowly.
Turn the wheel in the direction you want to go
Keep foot over the brake at all times checking traffic
Steering Straight Backwards
Hold brake and shift to Reverse
2. Turn body to the right and look backwards.
3. Put Left hand on the top of the wheel. 12:00 o’clock position
4. Release pressure from the brake just enough to creep back slowly.
5. Turn the wheel in the direction you want to go
6. Keep foot over the brake at all times checking traffic

14. Backing up Things to remember
The front wheels have a greater turn radius than the back wheels
The front will swing out farther than the back
Backing up to the left or right, turn steering wheel in the direction you are backing
Backing left, turn wheel left
Backing right, turn wheel right

15. Backing up Driving Test You will have to: Back up within your lane
Stay in lane
Back up smoothly
Look out rear windshield
Back around a corner (Turnabout)

16. http://tosh. comedycentral. com/video-clips/parallel-parking

17. 5.4 Parking Four Basic types of Parking
Curb
Parallel
Perpendicular
Angle
Entering and Exiting Parking Spots
Always check traffic ahead of you and behind you
Check mirrors and blind spots
Signal!
Other drivers need to know your intentions

18. 5.4 Parking Curb Parking Easiest to perform
Parking alongside a curb with no surrounding vehicles
More room to maneuver
Don’t have to back up to exit your parking space
Park close to the curb so other vehicles don’t hit you

19. 5.4 Parking Parallel Parking
Parking alongside a curb between two already- parked vehicles
Extremely difficult
Good steering and speed controls are essential

20. Parallel Parking How to parallel park Pull up alongside the vehicle
Rear bumper to rear bumper
Turn wheel sharply to the right and begin to back up
Aim car to the rear right corner of the parking space
When your steering wheel is even with the front vehicle’s rear bumper, straighten out.
Keep looking behind you but make repeated glances to make sure you front bumper is clear
Turn wheel sharply to the left when your front bumper meets the rear bumper of the car in front
Slowly back up until you are parallel to the curb
Make sure you are in the center of the parking space

21. Parking Parallel How to Parallel Park
Practice with no obstacles first, then with plenty of space between vehicles. Take it slowly and you'll develop the skill and confidence to parallel park. Steps:
1. Use your turn signal to indicate the direction of the parking spot.
2.If the space is not yet vacant but the car in it is about to leave, wait behind the spot.  
3.When the space is vacant, pull ahead of it until you have pulled up beside the car parked in front of the space. Your rear bumper should be even with that car's rear bumper with about 2 feet of road between you.
4.Put the car in reverse. Begin to back up slowly; as soon as the car starts moving, turn the wheel as far as it will go toward the curb.  
5.  Back slowly into the space.
6.When the back of your car's front door is even with the rear bumper of the car beside you, begin turning the wheel away from the curb.
7.Continue turning the wheel away from the curb and backing slowly into the space.  
8.Straighten out the wheel, then pull forward or back in the space as needed to center yourself between the cars in front of and behind you. Your car should be 6 to 8 inches from the curb when you are parked.  
Tips: Go slowly.  
If you aren't sure whether you'll fit in the space, pull up beside it and size it up first.  
If it's a tight fit, get a passenger or a passing pedestrian to guide you.  
Warnings: Many cities will issue a citation for vehicles parked more than 18 inches from the curb
The Drive Right book offers these tips: 1. Select a space that is at least six feet longer than your car.
2. Flash your brake lights and put on your turn signal before you pull in.
3. Always look back to check traffic.
4. Take it slow and ease into the spot.

22. Parking Pullout Exiting a parallel parking space
1. Back-up straight as far as you can go without touching the car behind.
2. Turn your wheels all the way to the left (in the U.S.) Then make sure that you put your car in drive. (When I took the driver's test, the person before me parallel parked their car fine, but forgot this important step when pulling out of the space--and failed their test.)
3. Put on your turn signal.
4. Check traffic, including your blind spot.
5. Make sure your right fender has enough room to clear the car in front of you.
6. Turn wheels slowly to the right when you are half-way out of the parking space

23. 5.4 Parking Perpendicular & Angle Parking
Most often found in parking lots and garages, and on some wide streets
Choose a space with as much room as possible between other vehicles

24. Parking on hills Parking on hills Parking on a Hill Facing Up Hill
When parking up hill turn your wheels toward the centerline of the road. Why?  If the vehicle would slip out of gear the car would roll backward and stop against the curb. If there is no curb turn the wheels toward the side of the road.
Parking on hills
Parking on a Hill Facing Up Hill
When parking up hill turn your wheels toward the centerline of the road. Why?  If the vehicle would slip out of gear the car would roll backward and stop against the curb. If there is no curb turn the wheels toward the side of the road.

25. Parking on hills Parking on hills
If there is no curb turn the wheels toward the side of the road.
Why?  If the vehicle would slip out of gear the car would roll backward swinging outward and roll out of the street. 
Parking on hills
If there is no curb turn the wheels toward the side of the road.
Why?  If the vehicle would slip out of gear the car would roll backward swinging outward and roll out of the street.