1. Research Finding:
A certain level of investment in the LMC program is necessary to expect improved achievement.
What level of investment is required to make a significant difference?

2. Lance Findings in Two States
Pennsylvania (2000) 435 schools
Colorado (2000) schools

3. Comparison of 25 Top Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Staffing in Pennsylvania
Professional staff hours/week
5th grade vs % difference
8th grade vs % difference
11th grade vs % difference
Support staff hours/week
5th grade vs % difference
8th grade vs % difference
11th grade vs % difference

4. Conclusion in Pennsylvania
Support staff was the key difference between strong and weak library media programs.
That is, professionals alone cannot make a major difference because of the load of clerical and technical work.

5. Finding in Colorado Total library media staff hours/100 students
4th grade vs % difference
7th grade vs % difference

6. Conclusion for Colorado:
The total LMC staff size contributes to academic achievement.

7. Budget investment for two states
Pennsylvania
Colorado

8. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Pennsylvania budget for LMC materials
5th grade $7,240 vs. $4,928
47% difference in scores
8th grade $14,506 vs. $8,386
73% difference in scores
11th grade $23,730 vs. 14,197
67% difference in scores

9. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Colorado budget for LMC materials
4th grade $21.60/student vs. $14.00
54 % difference in scores
7th grade $22.33/student vs. $13.44
66% difference in scores

10. Conclusion for Colorado and Pennsylvania
In both states, high achieving schools have significantly higher budgets for materials in their library media programs.

11. Materials available in the LMC in two states
Pennsylvania
Colorado

12. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Pennsylvania print volumes
5th grade 10,857 vs. 8,876
22% difference in scores
8th grade 13,507 vs. 10,744
26% difference in scores
11th grade 15,474 vs. 14,499
7% difference in scores

13. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Colorado print volumes/student
4th grade vs
43% difference in scores
7th grade vs
19% difference in scores

14. Conclusion for Two States
Stronger LMCs have richer print collections and this contributes to academic achievement.
They also have stronger periodical periodical and electronic collections