1. Dietary Canola Oil Reduces Breast Cancer Risk Laboratory of Lactation North Dakota State University

2. Outline Background Previous Studies Related Work Recent Project Ongoing Research Future Study Implications Public Interest

3. Background Since 2007 we have been studying the role of canola oil on breast cancer risk ( supported by the USDA and Northern Canola Growers Association ) The rationale was based on the fatty acid composition of canola oil

4. Background Canola oil has an omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 2:1 61% is oleic acid Studies have linked this ratio and oleic acid with a reduced breast cancer risk

5. Previous Studies Canola Oil Cell culture model Animal model

6. Cell Culture Model Human breast cancer cells were treated with canola oil Cell growth was measured

7. Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells * P < 0.05

8. Rat Model Rats fed a diet containing canola oil or corn oil Tumor induction by chemical carcinogen Tumor development and measurement monitored

9. Tumor Measurements Corn OilCanola Oil Tumor Incidence71%57% Latency Period93 days 103 days Number of Tumors2 per rat 1.5 per rat Tumor Volume2.3 mm 3 1.6 mm 3 25% 30% 11% 20%

10. Publication

11. Related Work, Other Labs Marshall University School of Medicine South Dakota State University

12. Recently Completed Project Drug resistance is a major obstacle in breast cancer treatment Effect of canola oil on drug resistance in breast cancer treatment

13. Phase 1 Nude mice fed canola oil or soybean oil diet Mice injected with drug- resistant cancer cells (DOX resistant) Tumor development and growth monitored

14. Phase 2 At 5 x 5 mm, mice were divided into 4 groups: Soybean oil (SOY) Canola oil (CAN) SOY plus DOX treatment CAN plus DOX treatment Tumor growth rate was recorded.

15. Tumor Sizes Before Drug Treatment * * * P < 0.05

16. Tumor Sizes After Drug Treatment 32% 48% 23%

17. This work has been submitted to the journal Lipids for publication Publication

18. Lipotropes Research Our laboratory has been investigating the role of dietary methyl nutrients (lipotropes) on breast cancer risk Lipotropes include vitamin B 12, choline, folic acid, and methionine

19. Lipotropes Research Recently showed that maternal lipotropes reduce breast cancer risk in offspring Supported by department of defense (DOD) Findings were presented at the Era of Hope conference (one of the premiere breast cancer research meetings)

20. Based on the lipotropes and canola oil studies, we then began studying the effect of dietary lipotropes plus canola oil on breast cancer risk This concept is called Lipocan Ongoing Research Lipocan

21. This project is sponsored by the NCGA The purpose of the study is to gather data to apply for a US patent This patent is aimed at benefiting NDSU research and NCGA Ongoing Research

22. We are using cell culture and animal model Cell culture component is complete The animal trial will commence on the 21 st of Nov 2011

23. Lipocan Results Cell Growth Inhibition at 72 hr (%) Lipocan vs Control35 Lipocan vs Canola14 Lipocan vs Lipotropes25

24. The first part of the animal trial is to test the lipocan concept on a simple animal model Mice will be fed the lipocan diet and then injected with a carcinogen to induce mammary cancer as previously mentioned Ongoing Research

25. To complete this project, we must include the effect of a maternal lipocan diet on the risk of breast cancer of the babies Thus, the lipocan project will require 2 years to complete for the US patent application Ongoing Research

26. We included the pregnancy experiment based on: Researchers are focusing on reducing cancer risk of the babies through proper maternal diet and lifestyle Also, findings on maternal lipotropes and canola oil suggest they both reduce breast cancer risk of the offspring Ongoing Research

27. Ultimately, the lipocan data from the 2-year project will serve as the basis for a full- scale NIH grant application Future Study

28. Patent: How does the patent work and how do you stand to benefit from it? Development of a Lipocan nutraceutical supplement to benefit human health Direct economic benefits for canola growers Implications

29. NDSU recently organized a Moos, Ewes and More event We presented our canola oil and breast cancer research The interest from the public was very encouraging Public Interest

30. Team From Left: Dr. Chung Park, Lawrence Mabasa, Sajin Bae, Mark Walters, and Kyongshin Cho

31. Acknowledgments Northern Canola Growers Association USDA-NIFA