1. Chapter7
Gender Studies

2. Began as Feminism
Ontological/biological vs. cultural
Biological: innate inferiority?
Gayle Rubin
tokens as exchange
residues

3. Cultural sustentation
In religion
In mythology and philosophy
Dichotomy
Reason vs. Emotion
Adrienne Rich, “compulsory heterosexuality”

4. The Yellow Wall Paper
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
“It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide－plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.”

5. The mother-image and the monster making Men Reject the powerless state
Luce Irigaray, Sandra Gilbert, and Susan Gubar
The mother-image and the monster making
Men Reject the powerless state
Abstraction: the angel image
Example:
1. Medusa
2.“Angel In the House” by
Coventry Patmore
3. “The Blessed Damozel”

6. The Angel In the House ◆“Yet is it now my chosen task/
◆“For she’s so simply, subtly sweet.”
◆“Yet is it now my chosen task/
To sign her worth as Maid and Wife”
◆”And by her gentleness made great,/
I’ll teach how noble man should be/
To match with such a lovely mate.”
Coventry Patmore

7. Gay and Lesbian Studies
Gay writers
Question the gender categorization
The normativity
Cultural influences on gender construction
The fear of the heterosexuality
Masculine women