1. Work Package 2
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Martin Söderström VERIFIN

2. List of activities Activity 2.3
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of activities
Activity 2.3
A 2.3 Methods for measurement of warfare agents‘ pollution in sediments
A Methods for determination of CWAs and related chemicals…
A Effects of conventional munitions, methods for toxic explosives related chemicals analysis…
A New approaches for analysis of both CWAs and toxic explosive related chemicals…
A The age of leakage will be estimated…
A In addition methods for toxic metals from munition primers …

3. List of activities Activity 2.4
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of activities
Activity 2.4
A 2.4 Methods for measurement of warfare agents’ pollution in water body
A Methods developed in the MERCW and CHEMSEA projects will be optimised to detect traces of explosives and CWA in water column…
A Methods … compared with developed novel methods based upon passive samplers deployment…
A New approaches for analysis of both CWAs and toxic explosive related chemicals…
A Methods for calculating biota exposure based on passive samplers diffusivity…

4. A 2.3.3: Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
A 2.3.3: Search for new target chemicals
Chemical Analyses 2006–2015
Till the end of 2015, chemical analyses have been targeted analysis
Instrumentation has been low resolution mass spectrometers
GC – EI/MS (using SIM)
GC – EI/MS/MS (using SRM)
LC – API/MS/MS (using SRM)
Target concentration in the analysis is low: 1–10 ppb
We find only those chemicals we know

5. Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Search for new target chemicals
Situation and Discussions after CHEMSEA
For CHEMSEA, new chemicals were taken on the list of target chemicals
Cyclic degradation products (already found earlier e.g. by FFI) produced more indications for sulphur mustard
Some other chemicals were not as successful: either only few findings or no findings at all
New high resolution mass spectrometers became available at both VERIFIN and FOI
Discussions on the possiblity for non-targeted screening

6. Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Search for new target chemicals
First step
The first step in non-targeted screening has been the search for new arsenic containing chemicals
Search for new chemicals in time consuming
E.g. by searching calculated molecular formulas for suitable structures containg structural parts from Clark I and Adamsite

7. Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Search for new target chemicals
First results
Two new chemicals found by both VERIFIN and FOI
Isolation of chemicals and synthesis of reference chemicals under way
Probable bacterial metabolites for Clark I and Adamsite
Three more candidate structures found by VERIFIN
These require confirmation before inclusion to the target chemical list
Other known chemicals confirmed (e.g. dimers)

8. Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Search for new target chemicals
Are the new chemicals meaningful?
Only few samples analysed using LC–ESI/HRMS
No clear view yet on the typical concentrations
Clark I
Adamsite

9. Search for new target chemicals
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
Search for new target chemicals
Publication of the results
Work done at VERIFIN has been carried as part of DAIMON
Work done at FOI was done as part of MODUM project
A joint scientific paper is planned

10. List of target chemicals – CWA-related
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of target chemicals – CWA-related
A & A 2.4.1
List circulated
Comments received
Final dicussion in Goslar
CWA target chemical list version 1.0

11. List of target chemicals – CWA-related
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of target chemicals – CWA-related
Example: Adamsite …
Total chemicals: 35

12. List of target chemicals – Explosive
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of target chemicals – Explosive
A & A 2.4.1
List provided by MUT
To be discussed
Explosives target chemical list version 1.0

13. List of target chemicals – CWA-related
Activities A 2.3 & A 2.4
List of target chemicals – CWA-related …
Total chemicals: 28