1. Aim: How did British Imperialism Impact Africa?

2. I The “Dark Continent”
“Dark Continent”: racist terminology referred to both the peoples of Africa and their alleged ignorance.
David Livingstone ( ) was a Scottish explorer and missionary while looking for the source of the Nile, he disappeared in Zanzibar. He was found by Henry Morton Stanley but never regained his strength. Explored 1/3rd of Africa. Named Lake Victoria after the British queen. *Opposed slavery.
I'd rather be in the heart of Africa in the will of God, than on the throne of England, out of the will of God. David Livingstone
David Livingstone
Victoria Falls

5. II The Berlin Conference 1884 - 1885
A) Organized by Otto von Bismarck (the 1st chancellor of Germany).
B) Purpose: To identify which European nations would be allowed to control which parts of Africa. The Berlin Conference was seen as the beginning of the “Scramble for Africa.”
The "Scramble for Africa" was the colonization of Africa by European powers between 1881 and 1914.
C) The European powers at the Berlin Conference deliberately divided African cultural, linguistic and ethnic groups.
D) No Africans were invited to the Berlin Conference.
E) In 1870, only 10% of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it had increased to 90%. By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent.

6. The Continued…

7. III The Struggle for South Africa
A) White settlement of South Africa began in 1652, when the Dutch East India Company established a station at Cape Town. Their descendants were called Boers British took Cape Colony from the Dutch.
B) Cecil B Rhodes ( ) was a British businessman. Made a fortune from African diamond mines.
Established De Beers Mining Company 1888
Prime minister of the Cape Colony, from 1890 to 1896
Wanted Cape-to-Cairo Railroad
C) Boer War ( ) between the Boers and British. British won  British control of South Africa.
Boers
Cecil B Rhodes

8. Southern Africa
Cecil B Rhode’s wanted to complete a Cape to Cairo railroad to connect all of British colonies.

9. D) 1816 Shaka Zulu brutally conquered and united 100+ tribes to form the Zulu Nation in southern Africa. He was assassinated in 1828.
1879 the Anglo-Zulu War  British won, Zulu nation dominance of South Africa ended.

10. “Native Workers in Diamond Mine” 1900.
Kimberly, South Africa

11. Struggle for South Africa Continued…
E) In 1910 the British established the Republic of South Africa apartheid became law.
Apartheid is a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.

12. IV The Congo Leopold II Tapping a Rubber Tree
1865 Leopold II became King of Belgium he sent H. M. Stanley up the Congo River to explore and begin colonization  creation of the Belgian Free Congo State. Resources of Congo: Rubber
Leopold II
Tapping a Rubber Tree

13. From a Speech by King Leopold II of Belgium delivered in 1883 to Belgium missionaries:
"Reverends, Father, and Dear Compatriots: The task that is given to us to fulfill is very delicate and requires much tact. You will go certainly to evangelize [spread your religion], but your evangelization must inspire above all Belgium interests. Your principal objective in our mission in the Congo is never to teach the niggers to know God... They speak and submit to a Mungu, one Nzambi, one Nzakomba, and what else I don't know... Your essential role is to facilitate the task of administrators and industrials, which means you will go to interpret the gospel in the way it will be the best to protect your interests in that part of the world. For these things, you have to keep watch on disinteresting our savages from the richness that is plenty in their underground.”

14. Missionaries and severed hands of the colonized.

16. Notice that the Europeans deliberately ignored tribal boundaries when creating their colonies. This was done to “divide and conquer”.

17. V British in Egypt
A) 1869 the Suez Canal opened, connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Originally controlled by the Ottoman Empire. B) 1882 British conquered Egypt. C) By 1902 Britain controlled Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, and Egypt (the whole Nile river basin). D) Egyptian Resources: Cotton (grows by the Nile).

18. British in Egypt

19. VI Impacts of Imperialism of Africa
Positive Impacts
Negative Impacts
Unified national states created
Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
Improved medical care, sanitation & nutrition
Created population explosion  famine
Increased agricultural production
Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
Improved transportation & communication
Exploited natural resources
Expanded educational opportunities
Forced westernization

21. Key Vocabulary
Apartheid Anglo-Zulu War Belgian Congo Berlin Conference Boer War Boers British East India Company Dark Continent David Livingstone King Leopold II Scramble for Africa Shaka Zulu Social Darwinism Suez Canal Zulu Nation

22. #RhodesMustFall ?
“A statue of Cecil Rhodes, the British mining magnate and African colonizer, has been pulled down from its plinth at the University of Cape Town after a prolonged protest by students.” “Oriel College has said it will not remove the controversial statue of Cecil Rhodes at Oxford University despite a campaign by students who believe the British imperialist’s legacy should not be celebrated.”
Cecil B. Rhodes: “The native is to be treated as a child and denied the franchise. We must adopt a system of despotism in our relations with the barbarians of South Africa”.
“I prefer land to ni**ers.”
1880 Rhodes formed the De Beers Mining Company that is still an industry leader in diamonds.