1. Branches of Government
Judicial Branch

2. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Jobs: Highest court in the US
Powers granted by the Constitution
Only court written into the Constitution
Jobs:
Deciding the meaning of laws
Apply laws to real situations
Decide whether a law is legal based on the constitution

3. Supreme Court Cases
Mainly to decide cases that might go against the Constitution
All up to opinion of Justice’s
Decisions can only be reversed by the Supreme Court themselves
Changed by creating an amendment or changing the Constitution

4. Trial Court Criminal Court Appellate Court Civil Court
Trial court – step 1: explain what happened (evidence, witnesses, etc.)
Criminal court – crime based trial, decide if someone is guilty or innocent
Appellate court – step 2, second chance court, multiple judges and just defendant and prosecution
Civil court – civil liberties trial, based on who is right or wrong (Judge judy)

5. Branches of Government
Legislative Branch

6. House of Representatives
Congress
Senate
House of Representatives
100 senators
Every state has 2 representatives
Vice President in charge of Senate
Elected every 6 years
435 representatives
Representation based on state population
Based on census
Elected every 2 years

7. Making A Law In 6 Steps Anyone can write a bill
Member of congress has to present the bill
Bill is taken by a committee for revision (can be multiple committees)
Committee present to Congress
Both The House and The Senate must pass it by majority vote
President signs bill

8. Veto - to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body
President Disagrees
Presidential veto
Back to Congress
2/3 vote
Veto - to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body

9. Branches of Government
Executive Branch

10. Head of the Branch = President
Jobs:
Finalize laws sent to him by Congress
Enforce laws created by Congress
Power to grant pardons for federal and criminal crimes
Diplomacy

11. Diplomacy
the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad

12. Requirements At least 35 years old Natural born US citizen
Live in United States for at least 14 years
Requirements are stated in the Constitution

13. Presidential Help Executive Office of the President EOP for short
National Security Council
Safety and intelligence
White House Communications and Press Secretary
Keeping US stay informed

14. Presidential Help The Cabinet Made up of 15 department heads
All must be approved by the Senate
Advise the President on all national matters

15. Bill Song!!!!!!!

16. Supreme Court Cases
Changing Society

17. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 Details:
Ernesto Miranda was arrested at his house
Police interrogated him and had him write a confession
Found guilty in court
Appealed case because he didn’t know he could have a lawyer present during interrogation

18. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 Decision: Split decision, 5-4
Miranda won case, went free of all crimes
Supreme Court ruled he was not granted his Constitutional right of council
Created “Miranda Rights”

19. “You have the right to remain silent
“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you. Do you understand the rights I have just read to you? With these rights in mind, do you wish to speak to me?”

20. Loving v. Virginia, 1967 Details:
Mildred and Richard went to Washington D.C. to get married
Came home to Virginia, married
Arrested for violating Virginia’s law against antimiscegenation
Sentenced to a year in jail and banned from Virginia for 25 years

21. Loving v. Virginia, 1967 Decision Unanimous decision
Court rejected Virginia’s argument that it was applied equally to all races
Violates the Due Process Clause in the Constitution

22. "Under our Constitution," wrote Chief Justice Earl Warren, "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State."

23. Filling In The Branches
Presidency

24. Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox and Edmund Randolf
George Washington
First president of the United States ( )
Remained non-partisan
Tolerated all views, religions and classes
Presidential Cabinet:
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox and Edmund Randolf

25. Judiciary Act of 1789
Established 13 District Courts and 3 Circuit Courts throughout the country
Meant to help the Supreme Court
Gave power to federal systems over state systems
Named John Jay Chief Justice of Supreme Court

26. Issues In The West Foreign powers didn’t want America to expand
Americans fought everyone over territory (French, Natives, Spanish, British)
American loss to Little Turtle at Wabash River
Biggest defeat on American soil since becoming sovereign state

27. Victory In The West General Anthony Wayne
Familiar with Native American battle strategies
Led major victory at Battle of Fallen Timbers
August 17-August 20, 1794
1 year later negotiated the Treaty of Greenville
Opened most of Ohio Territory to American citizens

28. Native Removal
Westward Movement

29. Indian Removal Act of 1830
Signed into law by Andrew Jackson in May of 1830
Act “granted” unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for land in bordered American States
Some tribes moved peacefully, most resisted

31. Trail of Tears
Forced relocation of all Natives from bordered American States
Carried out by government authorities and American soldiers
Over 4,000 Natives died during relocation
Exposure, starvation and disease
Groups moved: Muskogee, Cherokee,
Seminole, Chickasaw, Chactaw