1. Lesson 10: Burns

2. Objectives Define types of burn injuries
Define and demonstrate proper management of superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness burns
Describe situations that require evacuation
Identify ways to prevent burns

3. Types of Burns Heat Fires Boiling water Steam Hot pot
Melting substances such as plastic
Others?

4. Burns

5. Burns

6. Burns

7. Frostbite (burn from cold)

8. Types of Burns
Chemical
Pesticides
Chemical fuels
Battery acid
Others?

9. Chemical Burn

10. Types of Burns Electrical Radiation Electrical current Lightning Sun
Nuclear

11. Electrical Burns

12. Depth of Burns

13. Degree of Burn (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

14. Preventing Burns What steps can be taken to Prevent burns Heat:
Cook in designated areas and limit access
Position stove so there is easy escape route
Never use open flame in tent
Use caution around campfire

15. Preventing Burns Chemical Follow label directions for safe use
Electrical
Take precautions to avoid lightning
Radiation
Use sunscreen
Wear UV blocking clothing
Extra precautions needed for high altitude and near water/snow

16. Checking and Caring for Burns
STOP the Burning!
Remove source of the burning
Cool affect area
Be suspicious of Airway complications if:
Burns are to face/neck
Soot is in the mouth/nose
Singed facial hair
Dry cough that accompanies burn

17. Stop the Burn How do you stop the Burning? Heat Electrical
Remove from heat source
Smother flames
Flush with large amounts of water
Electrical
Turn off electricity

18. Stop the Burn Radiation Chemical Get out of direct Sun
Remove Chemical (brush off if dry chemical)
Flush with large amounts of water
Radiation
Get out of direct Sun
Flush with water

19. Checking Burns Specific care depends upon source and depth
Signs and Symptoms
Superfical
Skin is red and painful
Possible swelling
Partial Thickness
Skin is red, painful, swollen
Blisters, may take an hour to form

20. Checking Burns Full thickness
Skin is painless (in area of full thickness burn)
Skin in pale and stiff if caused by scolding
Skin I is charred if caused by fire

21. Burn Percentage
Rule of Palmar Surface or Rule of 9’s for estimating coverage of burn
Palm of individuals hand = 1% of body surface
Rule of Nines
Torso front = 18%
Torso back = 18%
Each arm = 9%
Each leg = 18%
Head = 9%

22. Rule of Nine’s

23. Caring for Burns
In case of major electrical burn (lightning) care for cardiac or respiratory problems first
After assessment and removal of burn source
Expose burn fully (do not remove melted clothing)
Cool or flood with cold water for at least 20 min
Gently wash burn to remove any dirt
Leave blisters intact
Remove jewelry if possible
Dress minor burn with thin layer of antibiotic
If not available, leave burn alone

24. Caring for Burns Cover burn with gauze pad or thin roll gauze
Do not pack burns with ice
Elevate burned extermities to minimize swelling. Swelling slows healing
Enourage patient to gently move burned area
Treat for shock and hypothermia

25. Caring for Burns Manage airway Redress burn twice/day
Remove by soaking dressing with water if needed
Rewash wound to remove old ointment
Apply clean covering
Redressing/examination will likely be painful. If evac imminent, leave burn alone

26. Guidelines for Evacuation
GO FAST
Trouble breathing
Partial/full thickness covers 10% or more
Partial/full thickness wraps around a body part
Serious burns to head/face/neck/hands/feet/genitals
Full thickness on > 5% of body
Chemical burns
Partial/full thickness for child/elder
Level of pain good indicator of necessity of evacuation

27. Scenario
16 yr old sitting at table boiling water. Pot spills into her lap. She is screaming in pain. You see scalding burn that is white and skin is sloughing off. Burn are covers top of both thighs and her right arm from elbow to wrist.
What do you do?