1. Hadrons in Nuclear Matter: Sensors of the QCD Vacuum?
Changes of hadron properties in medium
carry signals of the way in which
the vacuum changes in a nuclear environment
W. Weise, NPA 574 (1994) 347c
Hadrons in Nuclear Matter:
Sensors of the QCD Vacuum?
B. Kämpfer
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Technische Universität Dresden
QCD Sum Rules: condensates and hadron spectral functions
(line shapes,peak position)
Hadron Model: adjustment to data (transparency ratios - widths)

2. WMAP
Dark Energy:
or Einstein‘s constant or ?
sensors for the vacuum

3. Nucleus as QCD Laboratory
Bonn
Mainz
Jülich
Darmst.
Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum
 Probes of Changed QCD Vacuum?

4. shifts & splittings of atomic spectral lines
Zeeman & Stark Effects
Vacuum
Mag. Field
shifts & splittings of atomic spectral lines
Hadrons in Nuclear Matter:
shifts of hadron energies („mass shifts“)?
new structures (ph exct) in spectral fncts?
courtesy PANDA
pA:
Scheinast et al.
(KaoS), PRL 2006
pA: CBM
p_bar A: PANDA
understanding
hadronic part
of QCD

5. QCD Vacuum Medium Modifications: T-n effects: low n
spin-0
a priori undetermined mass-dimensioned parameters in OPE of color-singlet ccc‘s
frame dependent (Unruh)
Medium Modifications:
T-n effects:
Zschocke et al. EPJA (2002)
low n
prominent condensates:
spontaneous symmetry breaking
dilatation symmetry breaking

6. condensate = vacuum + density dep. part
GOR
lattice
sigma term
>
QCD trace
anomaly
scalar
charmonium
Narison
fac. hyp.
fac. hyp.
q density
twist-2
DIS pdf
DIS pdf
twist-3 pdf
DIS pdf
GLS SR
if real condensate:
couples to gravity

7. Highlighting the Chiral Condensate
Fiorilla, Kaiser, Weise, arXiv:
lattice QCD
Fodor et al.
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 230 (2010)
The CBM Physics Book
Springer 814 (2011)
Brown-Rho (PRL 1991):
Kapusta-Shuryak (PRD 1994):
Hatsuda-Lee (PRC 1992): dropping mass of light vector mesons if
Hadrada, Yamawak Phy.Rep. (2003)
V-A mixing
shifts of pole masses
broadening (merging into continuum)

8. Change the Excitation Spectrum of Hadrons
QCD SR: SVZ, NBP (1979)
Bochkarev, Shaposhnikov, NPB (1986)
or retated ccc
hadron spec. fnct.
Wilson, PR (1969)
OPE hypothesis (e.g., neglect instanton contributions)
hadronic information in
Leupold 2005

9. QCD Sum Rules: Predictions of Medium Modifications?
truncate: i < 6 (8, 12)
(i)
as solution of integral eq. (Fredholm 1):
too scarce information on OBE side
(ii) MEM:
Gubler, Morita, Oka, arXiv
Titov, BK, PRC (2007)
(iii) moments: mean (= center of gravity) – OK
variance (= width)
skewness (= deformation)
kurtosis (= up/down shot)
too large gap
in powers of M
(iv) insert hadronic model
Kwon, Weise, PRC (2010):
another hierarchy+chiral gap
(v) pole + continuum ansatz

10. CB-TAPS strong density dependence of combined 4-quark conds.
PRL (2005), PRC (2010)
strong density dependence
of combined 4-quark conds.
also dim-8
contributions:
norm. moment
Thomas/Zschocke/BK, PRL (2005)

11. Nucleons in Nuclear Matter
3 indep. sets of combinations
of 4-q conds. enter
Thomas, Hilger, BK, NPA (2007)

12. Plohl et al.,PRC (2006)
phenomenological
point of view

13. Open Charm Mesons in Nuclear Matter towards FAIR: CBM + PANDA
pseudo-scalar D - D
T. Hilger et al., JPG 2010

14. Hilger, BK, NPB 2010
Hilger, BK, PRC 2009

15. Weinberg type sum rules for chiral partners of heavy-light mesons= =
zero in vacuum
heavy-quark symmetry:

16. Width of Strangeonium p BUU PLB (2011)
proposed by Hernandez, Oset, ZPA (1992)
BUU
PLB (2011)
Polyansky‘s talk

17. K+ K- Rossendorf BUU transport code for Ar(1.76 AGeV) + KCl
data: HADES PRC (2008)
Schade, Wolf, BK, PRC (2010) K+
HADES, PRC (2010): 40 MeV K-

18. p(2.5 GeV) + Au p(2.5 GeV) + C p(2.83 GeV) + C Cu Au
data: KaoS PRL(2006)
p(2.83 GeV) + C Cu Au

19. photo (electro) production: „illumination“ of whole nucleus
only for primary reactions
p = projectile
abs
FAIR
attenuation of projectile
absorption of ejectile
photo (electro) production: „illumination“ of whole nucleus
proton (p_bar) induced production: „illumination“ of front side p

20. in Valencia – Paryev models:
Oset, Cabrera,...
prediction of broadening:
Klingl, Wass, Weise, PLB (1998) V e+ e-
analog in omega and phi photo-production
CLAS, PRL (2011)
CBELSA-TAPS
PRL (2008)
Spring-8: Ishikawa et al., PLB (2005)
CLAS PRL (2010)

21. Summary Medium changes of condensates (should) drive
medium modifications of hadrons
QCD sum rules: no direct link to shape of hadron spect. fncts.
(improvement by MEM evaluation expected)
Landau term vs. density effects in condensates
No direct link of QCD vacuum condensates to cosmic budget
(Brodsky, Shrock, PRC (2010): condensates are included
in hadron masses; Klinkhamer, PRD (2010): gluon cond.)
Hadron model (BUU): large phi absorption cross section
( strong broadening by comparison with ANKE data)
Apologies to many authors of the many hadron models
Experimental survey: P. Salabura‘s talk
+ M. Weber‘s (HADES) contribution
Reviews: Hayano, Hatsuda, Rev. Mod. Phys. (2010)
Leupold, Metag, Mosel, Int. J. Mod. Phys. (2010)
CLAS (Djalali, Wood, ...)

22. SU(2) chiral limit, leading order in n:
Thorsson, Wirzba, NPA (1995)
Meissner et al., Ann. Phys. (2002)
low-energy pi-A scattering, pionic atoms  chiral softening
Jido et al., PLB (2008)
no rigorous relation of
Dey et al. PLB (1990)
in accordance with Weinberg‘s chiral sum rule

24. Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum

25. resonance +continuum:
B QCD SR
(omega meson)
Landau
resonance +continuum:
semi-loc. duality:
center of gravity of

26. Towards Chiral Restoration
spont. breaking of chiral symmetry
Nambu-Goldstone mode of QCD
no parity doubling à la Wigner
L R  V A
expl. breaking of chiral sym.
dropping chiral condensate: transition to Wigner-Weyl mode
motivation to seek for medium modifications of hadrons

27. Emergence of Structure
nuclei
Transport Codes
Nuclei
ab initio calc.
e.w.
Nuclear „Theory“
hadrons
e.w.
Hadrons
EFT: ChPT, ...
Phenomenological Models:
OBE, ...
hadrons
Gravity
QCD
e.w.
symmetry 2 1 3
Standard Model
Quantum Field Theory