1. Chapter 26
Birds

2. Which of the following structures is found only in birds
(a) wings (b) beak (c) four-chambered heart (d) feathers

3. D. Feathers

4. Fossils have been found that show close evolutionary links between
(a) birds and fish (b) birds and reptiles (c) birds and bats (d) birds and amphibians

5. B birds and reptiles

6. How are bird’s bones adapted for flight?
(a) they are thin and wide (b) they are flexible (c) they are hollow (d) they are made of cartilage

7. C they are hollow

8. Which of the following does not have a four chambered heart?
(a) Alligator (b) ostrich (c) king cobra (d) hummingbird

9. C king cobra

10. One importance birds have in the biosphere is that they
destroy seed crops
(b) disperse seeds of some plants
(c) add interesting decorations to cars
(d) control the populations of deer

11. B disperse seeds

12. . What is the earliest known fossil with identifiable feathers?
(a) Archaeopteryx (b) Pterodactyl (c)Dodo Bird (d) Pterosaurus

13. A. Archaeopteryx

14. What group of birds displays the greatest range of adaptations?
(a) waterfowl (b) game birds (c) birds of prey (d) perching songbirds

15. D perching songbirds

16. Birds are called endotherms because they
generate their own body heat
(b) are cold blooded
(c) can survive in warm climates
(d) can survive at high altitudes

17. A. generate their own body heat

18. Birds do not have a
(a) gizzard (b) furcula (c) crop (d) urinary bladder

19. D. urinary bladder

20. The fused bones in bird’s skeleton eliminates the need for
(a) bone marrow (b) ligaments (c) blood vessels (d) muscles

21. B. Ligaments

22. Which part of the amniotic egg decreases in size as the embryo grows?
(a) chorion (b) allantois (c) yolk (d) Psdeopod

23. C. Yolk

24. An important ecological role of the hummingbirds is
dispersing seeds
(b) controlling insect population
(c) pollinating plants
(d) disposing of dead animals

25. C. pollinating plants

26. What is unique about the respiratory system of birds?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
(b) Birds lack a trachea
(c) The airflow is one way
(d) Birds have only one lung

27. C. The airflow is one way

28. Birds probably evolved from

29. Reptiles

30. The Triassic period was how many millions of years ago?

31. 225 million

32. The fossil record for birds is incomplete because ____________ and ____________ of birds do not fossilize well.

33. Bones and feathers

34. The earliest fossil animal known to have feathers was ____________.

35. Archaeopteryx

36. Birds evolved rapidly following the extinction of the ____________.

37. Dinosaurs

38. The feathers of birds may have evolved as an adaptation for retaining ________________________

39. body heat

40. Although they share many characteristics with reptiles, birds are the only animals that have ____________.

41. Feathers

42. Except for bats, birds are the only vertebrates that has ____________.

43. Wings

45. What is another word that means cold blooded.

46. Ectothermic

47. What type of circulatory system do reptiles have

48. Closed

49. Most reptiles are
Carnivores
Herbivores
Isomores
omnivore

50. A. Carnivores

51. Tuatara numbers are decreasing as a result of its habitat being destroyed
Kangaroos
Humans
Goats
Deer

52. C. Goats

53. The keratin in a reptile’s skin helps it to
Detect Prey
Conserve moisture
Exchange gases
Reflect moisture

54. B. conserve moisture

55. Why are the shells of turtles flatter than the shells of tortoises?
Reduce water loss
Increase swimming efficiency
Conserve body heat
Increase lung capacity

56. Increase swimming efficiency

57. First Reptile to evolve

58. Stem Reptiles

59. Member of the order Chelonia that lives entirely on land

60. Tortoise

61. Term that means “terrible lizard

62. Dinosaur

63. Substance that makes up scales and feathers

64. Keratin

65. Fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo

66. Amnion

67. Example of a reptile that belongs to the Squamata order

68. Snake

69. Evolution of many species from one common ancestor

70. Adaptive Radiation

71. Order that has a four-Chambered heart

72. Crocodilians

73. Final question

74. Chelonian that has lightweight, leathery shells

75. Sea Turtles

76. Name five characteristics common to reptiles?

77. Covered with tough dry scales
Breathe with lungs
3 chambered heart, crocodilian have 4
Ectothermic
Produce Amniotic Egg

78. Name the three major classes of reptiles, give an example of an organism that belongs to each, and describe one difference that separates each organism from the rest

79. Squamata—snakes and lizards—need an example
Chelonia—Turtles and Tortoises—need an example
Crocidilia—Crocodiles, Alligators, caiman and Gavials—need an example

80. Extra
Describe how reptiles adapted to the following challenges presented by life on land:
  - The need to protect against the loss of water from the body
  - the need for quicker movement on land
  - the need to obtain oxygen and use it efficiently
  - the problem of fertilization on land 

81. Birds belong the class ____________.

82. Aves

83. Describe three reason why some scientists feel that birds evolved from reptiles
2 pts for each correct one, -1 for each incorrect one.
Final Questions next

84. Scales and feathers made of same material—keratin Both have large eye sockets 4 toed foot Pubis bone inverted (one of three bones that makes the pelvic bone)

85. Describe three structural adaptations that birds have for flight?

86. Feathers
Hollow bones
Reproductive organs shrink when not in use
No urinary bladder
Fused bones

87. Why must an egg shell be porous?

88. To allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

89. What is the advantage of a one-way flow of air through a bird’s respiratory systems?

90. It has a constant supply of oxygen rich blood even when it exhales.

91. Know how the following function in birds.
Beak-
Countour feather –
 Gizzard–
  Wings –
  Crop-
  Feet-
 Hollow Bones—
 Crosshatching in bones—
 Down Feathers—
 Nest—