1. Conditionals !

2. The Three Conditionals
3 conditionals in English
Some grammar books = 4
1st conditional - true in the present
1st conditional - true in the future
2nd conditional – untrue in the present
3rd conditional – untrue in the past

3. The 1st Conditional = TRUE
In the present…
If it , I usually ___________ to
In the future…
If it on Sunday, the ______ cancelled.

4. The 1st Conditional: Grammatical form
In the present
If it rains, I usually take the bus to school.
“if” clause “result” clause
Tense? → Present tense Tense? → Present tense
In the future
If it rains on Sunday, the picnic will be cancelled.
Tense? → Present tense Tense? → Future tense
NEVER put the future tense…
in the “if” clause! → If I will go…

5. Grammatical options
Reverse? How is it different? comma → I usually take the bus to school if it rains. → The picnic will be cancelled if it rains on Sunday. This is the same for ALL conditionals.

6. The 2nd Conditional = UNTRUE in the PRESENT
If I __________ rich , I (buy) ____________ you a new

7. The 2nd Conditional: Grammatical form
If I were rich, I would buy you a new pencil.
If I had a million dollars, I would buy you a new pencil.
“if” clause “result” clause
Tense? → Past tense Form? → would /could + infinitive verb
Should?
Should
Notice: If I WERE…? If I / you / he / she / it / we / they WERE
HOWEVER…
But learn the rule

8. The 3rd Conditional = UNTRUE in the PAST
If you (come) ________to the party last night, you (have) _______a great time.

9. If you had come to the party last night,
The 3rd Conditional
If you had come to the party last night,
“if” clause: Tense? → Past Perfect tense
you would have had a great time.
“result” clause: Form? → would /could + have + past participle
HOWEVER…
If I would have known it would make you angry, I wouldn’t have done it.
But, again, learn the rule !

10. Mixing 2nd & 3rd Conditionals
Sometimes, the situation (if clause) is in the past, but the result is in the present.
If you hadn’t drunk so much last night, you wouldn’t be hung over today!
3rd conditional situation 2nd conditional result
Sometimes the situation is in the present, but the result is in the past.
If I were her, I wouldn’t have married that jerk!
2nd conditional situation rd conditional result

11. Mixed Conditionals continued…
If I hadn’t come to Canada to study English,
I (not meet) ______________________ my friends from other countries.
wouldn’t have met (3rd conditional result)
I (not know) ____________________ my friends from other countries.
wouldn’t know (2nd conditional result)
KNOW = state / MEET = action

12. Mixed conditionals continued…
If the action (the result) is continuous…
STUDY / WORK
If I hadn’t come to Canada to study English,
I __________________________________________________.
would be working at a part-time job / studying in my university.
= 2nd conditional result in continuous tense

13. Now, let’s practise!

14. In groups, complete these sentences on the board…
1. If the weather is crappy this weekend, 2. I would be very happy if… 3. If I feel sad, I usually 4. My parents would be very angry if… 5. If I could talk to the leader of my country, 6. Our planet will not survive if… 7. If I could change one thing about my life, 8.I wouldn’t have come to Canada if… 9.If I want to have a good time, I usually 10. It would be great if… 11. If I hadn’t come to Victoria, 12. My parents will be very happy if… 13. If I had $100 to spend tonight, 14. I will dump my girlfriend/boyfriend if… / I would dump my girlfriend/boyfriend if… 15. If the weather is nice this weekend, 16. If I can significantly improve my English,

15. Summary First conditional – true in the present / future
If you don’t love someone, you should split up with him/her.
If Judy decides to have her baby alone, it will be very difficult for her.
Second conditional – untrue in the present
If I were Judy, I would dump Paul.
If Paul helped Judy more, they would get along better.
Third conditional – untrue in the past
If Judy had known that Paul planned to dump her, she probably wouldn’t have allowed herself to get pregnant.
Mixed conditionals
If I hadn’t come here to study English, I wouldn’t have any international friends.
3rd conditional situation nd conditional result