1. Why were these events able to happen?

2. Causes/Motives of New Imperialism
Economic – The Second Industrial Revolution…Why?
Copper, tin chrome, manganese, coal, gold, diamonds, cotton, rubber, sugar, coffee, tea,
New markets: domestic saturation led to a need for new outlets
Political and military interests
Nationalism land = p o w e r
Bases and to show off military might
Cultural
Humanitarianism/missionary purposes
Social Darwinism
“White Man’s Burden”

3. Tools of New Imperialism…

5. The Scramble for Africa
“Dr. Livingstone I presume”
Henry Morton Stanley
King Leopold II of Belgium
Berlin Conference
To avoid bloodshed and maintain balance of power an international conference was held in in Berlin, Germany.

6. King Leopold II of Belgium
Established the Congo Free State:
This acquisition sparked “the Scramble of Africa”
Land was used for rubber plantations, ivory and diamonds
In 1908, turned over to Belgium as the Belgium Congo; remained a colony until 1960

8. Egypt –Northern Africa
Beginning with Muhammad Ali and his successors, Egypt had tried to modernize
British undermined…why?
The Suez Canal – opens in 1869 as the result of the creation of a corporation to fund the project
The British: Egyptian debt led 1882 occupation and for next 70 plus years (1956)

9. Southern Africa
Cape Colony long inhabited by Afrikaners dating back to 1652
Britain take Cape Colony in 1815; used Indians as indentured servants for gold, diamonds, copper and iron ore mining
Conflict: 1879 Zulu; Afrikaners (Boers)

10. Cecil Rhodes
Made his fortune in the Kimberly Diamond mines founder of Rhodesia (now called Zambia and Zimbabwe)
Founded DeBeers Consolidated
At his death, a scholarship fund was set up
Est. 33 million dollars

13. South African War AKA….Boer War 1899-1902 British vs the Dutch
Southern Africa, north of the Cape Colony
The fight was over land: gold and diamonds
Result: British win, but was not an easy fight
Concentration camps used by the British

14. Native Responses to Imperialism -a complexity of resistance
Some natives responded by using diplomacy and used Europeans to counter enemies, some accommodated the requests out of compliance, while other resisted violently
South Africa: resistance – Zulu and Ndebele
West Africa: compliance and then resistance – Asante (Ashanti)
East Africa: diplomacy then resistance - Ethiopia
Nonetheless, colonial policies made it difficult for natives to continue to live as before

15. Cultural Responses
African Women: because gender roles were different in parts of Africa than in Europe, it hurt women more than helped
Missionaries
Biggest source of contact
Schools were opened-what happened by the next generation?
Boys taught a skill set
Girls learned domestic tasks
Ethiopian Churches
Spread of Islam
Europeans unintentionally helped spread this faith as well…Why?