1. World War II
Road to War

2. The Treaty of Versailles
Benito Mussolini in Italy
Resented the terms of the treaty
Ended democracy and established fascism
Wanted to recapture the glory of ancient Rome
Adolf Hitler in Germany
Violated the treaty by secretly building up an army
Established totalitarianism and fascism

3. Fascism in Italy and Germany
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism. Fascists seek to unify their nation through a totalitarian state that seeks the mass mobilization of the national community through discipline, indoctrination, and physical training.

4. Mussolini and Hitler

5. Alliances Italy and Germany had become allies
Their alliance was known as Axis
Japan had been establishing a military dictatorship and later joined the Axis powers

6. German Expansion Rhineland Austria Sudetenland--Czechoslovakia
The Munich Pact
Poland and Nazi-Soviet Pact with the USSR

8. German Expansion

9. Hitler voted as “man of the year” of 1938 by TIME Magazine in 1939

11. World War II
War Begins

12. Germany begins its invasion of Europe
Poland invaded on September 1, 1939
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939
By spring of 1940 Germany had taken over Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and Belgium
France fell to Germany in June 1940
GREAT BRITAIN BECAME THE LAST DEMOCRACY FIGHTING AGAINST HITLER IN ALL OF EUROPE!!!!

13. German empire during WWII

14. Who’s fighting the war? Allies Axis Great Britain France
Russia (once Germany invades them)
Later on…the U.S.
Germany
Italy
Japan

15. Battle of Britain
Hitler decides to invade Britain in August 1940; he feels confident
Invasion consisted of an air invasion with weeks of continuous bombings
Hitler asked Britain to surrender and Prime Minister Winston Churchill defiantly claimed “We shall never surrender!”
The German air force lost against the British air force and Hitler called off the invasion

16. …continued…
Hitler decides to ignore the Nazi-Soviet Pact made with Stalin and invades the U.S.S.R. in June 1941…
But we will get back to this another day

17. Battle of Britain

18. America in the beginning of war
Neutrality
Selective Training and Service Act
Lend-Lease Act
Helping Britain was extremely important to FDR
Japan
Pearl Harbor attacked on December 7, 1941
U.S. joined the Allied nations in WWII

19. Pearl Harbor

20. Pearl Harbor

21. World War II
On the Home Front

22. Mobilization for War
U.S. spent more than $320 billion on the war effort—war production
Industry soared; it pulled us out of the Great Depression
The massive spending on the war and people producing for the war is what got us out of the depression

23. Japanese Internment Camps
Pearl Harbor
Japanese Americans
Internment Camps

30. Wartime Propaganda
Advertisements and propaganda served a couple of purposes:
Support the war effort (economically, emotionally)
Promote awareness of spies and people against the war effort
To convince people to join the armed forces or related industries

48. Nazi Propaganda

50. The Eternal Jew, a documentary about the world Judaism

58. War in Europe and Africa
World War II
War in Europe and Africa

59. U.S.S.R.
Germany started their invasion of the USSR in June 1941—BIG MISTAKE! (FOR HITLER)
Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
Germany underestimated the Russian people, Russian army, Russian climate, Russian everything
Germany gave up their invasion of the USSR in February 1943

60. U.S.S.R.

61. Operation Overlord
A massive invasion of France from the west by the Allies to push the Germans back
American General Dwight Eisenhower directed the invasion
June 6, 1944 was D-Day, when ships landed in Normandy, France
Heavy and intense fighting ensued, but the Allies were able to liberate Paris on August 25

72. Operation Overlord
Battle of the Bulge—last German attempt/offensive to regain territory
Surprise attack launched in December 1944
Took place in Belgium
Their offensive did not work and the Allies pushed the Germans back

74. End of war in Europe By April 1945, Soviet troops surrounded Berlin
Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered
May 8, 1945 is V-E Day for “Victory in Europe”
FDR died on April 12, 1945; he wasn’t alive to see Germany surrender =(
Harry S Truman becomes the President

76. War in the Pacific & The Holocaust
World War II
War in the Pacific & The Holocaust

77. Japanese Expansion
Japan continued to expand their empire after their attack on Pearl Harbor
Thailand, Malaya, Philippines
American General Douglas MacArthur was in charge of the Pacific Campaign

78. U.S. Victories In April 1942 we began to win important battles such as
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Battle of Guadalcanal
Why are these important?

79. Fighting in the Pacific
Island hopping
Iwo Jima and Okinawa (1945)

83. End of the War in Pacific
Potsdam Declaration
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Japan surrendered as a result of the bombs
August 15, 1945 is V-J Day for “Victory over Japan”

95. WWII is Over! Most devastating and bloodiest war in world history
More than 40 million people died
Very unique war as well because over half of the casualties were CIVILIANS and not military personnel

96. What was the Holocaust?
Holocaust: the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany
Genocide
Included Jews, Roma (gypsies), Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, Blacks, Jehovah’s Witnesses, mentally and physically handicapped, homosexuals.

97. What was the Holocaust?
About 11 million people were killed during the Holocaust
About 6 million of these people were Jews
These victims were held in concentration camps where they became slaves for Nazi Germany, being forced to labor for them
There were also death camps, where victims were executed upon arrival

98. What was the Holocaust?
Ways of execution: firing squad, mass burnings (crematoriums), gas chambers
A lot of propaganda was aimed at people to convince them that this was the correct thing to do to get rid of the “Jew problem”

99. A few of the Nazi camps