1. The End of War and the Treaty of Versailles

2. The End of the War
Russia suffered extreme casualties during the war but tsar refused to pull out
By 1917 there was civil unrest and revolution in Russia
Lenin comes to power in Russia

3. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia backs out of the war in the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk between Germany and Russia (March 1918)
Treaty gives Germany a lot of Russian territory

4. Final Assault in France
assault on France at second battle of
With Russia out of the conflict Germany can focus on France again (Western Front) on France at second battle of
Final assault on France at second battle of Marne in July 1918 failed because of weak German army and strong U.S. forces
November 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II resigned
November 11, 1918 World War I finished with the signing of an armistice (agreement to stop fighting)

5. Meeting at Versailles Participants: “The Big Four”:
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
Georges Clemenceau (France)
David Lloyd George (Great Britain)
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

6. Wilson’s 14 Points Plan for achieving lasting peace
Self-determination- allowing people to decide their own type of government for themselves
14th point- establishment of the League of Nations (an international organization designed to keep peace)

7. Treaty Signed!
Agreement finally reached between Germany and the Allied powers on June 28, 1919
No one satisfied with the agreement

8. Major provisions of the Treaty
League of Nations established but doesn’t include Russia and Germany
Territorial losses by Germany (loses territory to France and overseas colonies)
Military Restrictions on Germany (limited army and ban on war material)
War guilt on Germany (they assumed full responsibility and had to pay Allies $33 billion over 30 years)

9. Creation of New Nations
Central powers lost territory as nations got independence (Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)
Ottomans lost Balkan territory and is reduced to Turkey
British control Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan; France controls Syria and Lebanon
Russia also lost territory to Romania, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

11. Sykes-Picot Agreement- 1916

12. The Mandate system

13. Legacy of War Human death toll high (up to 25 million)
Lost generation of people
Rise of worker revolutions (Russia)