1. Please have your “Lincoln Crossroads” packet and mind maps out

2. Business to take care of:
Have mind map and rubric out
Have Lincoln Crossroads out
Put answer for #4 on the top of today’s note sheet
Vote for top three mind maps on a sheet of paper (not yours)
Hand all 3 in separately
HW: Unit 4 Summary (multiple choice test Thursday)

3. This is it, boys, this is war - what are we “fighting” for
This is it, boys, this is war - what are we “fighting” for? What do I stand for?”
Social
Economic
Political

4. About 25% of Southerners owned slaves
Zero >1,000,000
1- 69,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
>50 7,000

6. Civil War
BIG THEME: During times of crisis/ war, the powers of the president and the federal government increase greatly.
How did Executive power (and power of federal government) increase during the Civil War? (#4)

7. Petition for secession signed by 125,000 Texans (2012)…
Given that the state of Texas maintains a balanced budget and is the 15th largest economy in the world, it is practically feasible for Texas to withdraw from the union, and to do so would protect it's citizens' standard of living and re-secure their rights and liberties in accordance with the original ideas and beliefs of our founding fathers which are no longer being reflected by the federal government.
ASSUME THE VAST MAJORITY OF TEXANS AGREED….. DO THEY HAVE THE RIGHT?

8. The Union and Confederacy

9. Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Union President Abraham Lincoln

10. LINCOLN: (#2)
It says that Lincoln probably would have supported an amendment guaranteeing slavery in the states where it already exists. Would you have agreed with this? Why/ why not?

11. LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
I hold, that in contemplation of universal law, and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper, ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination.
Goal in War: preserve the Union

12. Secession! RATIONALES: South: States voluntarily joined the
Union; have the right to leave it
Form new nation: Confederacy
North (Lincoln)- no right to secede
Oath of office requires him to preserve the Union
U.S. is a nation of people, not states
“We the people….”

13. LINCOLN: (#3)- SUMTER
Guns pointed at Ft. Sumter in South Carolina. US troops need supplies.
Take troops home
Attack southern troops
Send in supplies
What does Abe do? Why?

14. April 1861- Sumter- war has begun..

15. What do you think the Advantages and disadvantages of the North and South were?

16. Advantages, Disadvantages

17. North strategy- “Anaconda”
Blockade:
No exports of cotton; economy strangled
No imports of food, materials
Mississippi
Cut Confederacy in 2
Richmond
The capital

18. Northern strategy: “Anaconda”
Blockade
Mississippi
Richmond

19. Confederate strategy Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack
All they have to do is “not lose”
“War of attrition”
Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers
North will lose the will to fight
Europe will side with them (cotton)
Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

21. LINCOLN: (#4)
Name three actions Lincoln took to deal with the crisis without Congressional authority

22. LINCOLN: (#5) What constitutional right does Lincoln suspend?
Did you agree or disagree?

25. Battle of Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
Vicksburg….
Gettysburg…
The Gettysburg Address (questions for HW)

26. 18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties
(Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day ; 3,654 Dead
5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

27. 1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation
Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

28. Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Late summer ’62- Confederate Army “on a roll”…
INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would…
Start uprising in Maryland
Convince Europe to support South
Get food for army

29. Union
Doesn’t know where Lee is…
Secret plans found on cigar

31. Antietam 40,000 Confederates 100,000 Union September 1862
Northern Maryland

33. 1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

34. By day’s end
12,000 Union casualties
14,000 Confederate casualties

35. September 17, 1862
Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties
3,654 Dead
2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

36. Antietam National Cemetary

37. Lee’s retreat 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties
Retreats (limps) back to south
Invasion a failure
Northern “victory”

38. Emancipation Proclamation- Nov. 1862
Lincoln
Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…”
Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief”

39. Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? 4 reasons:
***How does this solve all 4 problems above?
#1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves
Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede
May seem an act of desperation
Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so?

40. LINCOLN: (#7)
QUESTION: What constitutional authority does Lincoln cite that gives him the power to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
QUESTION: What does the Emancipation Proclamation turn the Civil War into once it takes effect in 1863?

41. After 1/1 1863, war turns into one over slavery

42. LINCOLN: (#)
GENERAL ORDER 38: The habit of declaring sympathy for the enemy will not be allowed in this department. Persons committing such offenses will be at once arrested with a view of being tried. . .or sent beyond our lines into the lines of their friends. It must be understood that treason, expressed or implied, will not be tolerated in this department.

43. LINCOLN: (# 10)
What amendment was possibly violated in the “Vallandigham” case?
(arrested for “Publicly expressing, in violation of General Orders No. 38, from Head-quarters Department of Ohio, sympathy for those in arms against the Government of the United States, and declaring disloyal sentiments and opinions, with the object and purpose of weakening the power of the Government in its efforts to suppress an unlawful rebellion.

44. LINCOLN: (# 11)
What does the Conscription Act call for? What was the reaction in New York City?

45. July 1863
Irish/ German immigrants attack governmental buildings…. Then go after African Americans, including burning an orphanage
At least 120 dead
@ 2000 wounded
11 lynchings
5 days of chaos
Military brought in to restore order…

46. July 1863- turning point of the war: Grant in the west…
All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi
Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

47. Vicksburg
Bend in the Mississippi

48. Grant’s risky campaign
March to May 1863
Crosses Miss. South of V’burg
3 week campaign cut off from supplies…
Attacks Jackson first

49. Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863
2,800 shells a day for 47 days; (on average, one every 30 secs)
Starvation…. Dogs…. Horses….. Mules…… shoe leather
July 4, ,000 Confederates surrender
Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

50. Summer 1863- The turning point of the war
Gettysburg
The speech

51. Importance of 1863 July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg
Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again
July 4, Vicksburg surrendered
Mississippi River now in Union hands

52. Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Address http://www. youtube. com/watch