1. Working With Chemicals

2. Working with Chemicals
Four fundamental principles underline all the work practices are.
Plan Ahead.
Minimize exposure to chemicals.
Do not underestimate hazards or risk.
Be prepared for accidents.

3. Safe Chemical Handling

4. Categories of Hazardous Chemicals
Corrosive (HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 , NH4OH, KOH )
Flammable (Acetone, Nitromethane, Isopropyl alcohol)
Toxic (Lead, Mercury, Hydrofluoric acid, Chlorine gas)
Reactive (Phosphorus halides, Alkyl metals Na, Toluene diisocynate)
Biological (infectious eg . Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, etc.)
Carcinogen (Arsenic, Benzene, Cadmium, Vinyl Chloride, Radon, Hexavalent Chromium(VI) compounds )
Radioactive ( Radon, Uranium Hexafluoride , etc. )

5. Methods for reducing chemical exposure
Use MSDS
Use PPE

6. Handling Flammable Substances
Avoid contact with body part (dehydration reaction occurs form whitish patch on body.)
Only transfer to approved containers
Bond all receiving containers
Clean up spills and dispose of waste properly
Use appropriate and safe exhaust whenever flammable substances are transferred.
Always use smallest required quantities of flammable substances.

7. Working with Scale-Up Reaction
Special care & Planning are necessary to keep Scale- up work safe It include those producing a few milligrams or grams to those producing more than 100gm of a product.
Scale
Small - Reactant & solvent amount <1gm of substrate, Solvent<25 ml
Moderate - Reactant & solvent amount 1-15gm of substrate, Solvent ml
Large - Reactant & solvent amount >15gm of substrate, Solvent >500 ml

8. Spill Containment
It Containing equipments are pillows, Inner absorbents, Neutralizing agents, Large plastic Scoops, brooms, pails, bag & dustpans, Appropriate PPE, etc.

9. Spill Control kit Include
Pillow- Use for absorbing solvent, acids, caustic alkali but not hydrofluric acid.
Inert Absorbent- Clay, sand, etc.
Neutralizing agents for acid spills such as Sodium carbonate , sodium bicarbonate.
Neutralizing agents for alkali spills such as sodium bisulphate citric acid.

10. Spill/leak cleanup
The following are general guidelines to be followed for a chemical spill/leak cleanup.
Inform your supervisor.
Immediately alert area occupants and evacuate the area, if necessary.
If possible find out what the chemical was.
Wear PPE as referred by the SDS or other references for information & for cleanup materials and disposal methods.

11. Correct Spill Control Yes or No

12. Working with Biohazardous Materials
Biohazard – organisms or products of organisms that present a risk to humans
Biohazards are Inherently different from chemicals, physical agents, carcinogens, etc.
Evaluation and control biological hazards by using gloves, mask, positive pressure personnel suit, ultraviolet light room, etc.

13. Working with Flammable Chemicals
Keep containers closed when not in use
Keep away from ignition sources
Avoid contact with incompatible materials (Substances that should not be stored near each other because any contact between them cause a explosion. Eg. Sodium metal with water, in which hydrogen gas form which is explosive )
Only transfer to approved containers
Bond all (A certificate of debt) receiving containers.
Clean up spills and dispose of waste properly.

14. Working with Reactive or Explosive Chemicals
An explosion occurs when a material undergoes a rapid reaction that result in a violent release of energy.
Use the minimum amounts of hazardous materials with adequate shielding and personal protection.
Keep emergency equipment at hand.