1. Markedness Unmarked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought of as “natural,” “normal,” or “ordinary” and are therefore less visible
Examples: walk; The Warriors; “a man”
Marked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought to somehow differ from the norm or be “other”
Examples: walked; The Lady Warriors; “a gay man”

4. Markedness Unmarked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought of as “natural,” “normal,” or “ordinary” and are therefore less visible
Examples: walk; The Warriors; “a man”
Marked categories, language, and identities:
Are thought to somehow differ from the norm or be “other”
Examples: walked; The Lady Warriors; “a gay man”

5. LEVELS OF LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE (from smallest to largest)

6. Phonology
Phonology = all the patterns in a language that directly involve sounds.
Phoneme = a single sound of a language.
Example: /s/
These are contrastive (they change the meaning of the words they belong in): kiss vs. kill vs. kick; cat vs. rat vs. bat

7. Morphology Rules for how “chunks” of meaning get combined into words
Morpheme: a meaningful unit of language than cannot be further divided into smaller parts.
“Free” vs. “bound” morphemes

8. Lexicon The lexicon has to do with vocabulary.
Lexical differences would be differences in vocabulary.
Example: Taylor Swift song: “hella”

9. From: http://www4.uwm.edu/FLL/linguistics/dialect/staticmaps/q_50.html

10. Syntax Rules for combining words into sentences (like grammar)
What syntactic differences can you think of between two languages you speak (e.g., Spanish and English)?

11. Intonation/Prosody
Patterns of stress and rhythm; the rise and fall of a voice
Example: “I said you should take notes”
“I said you should take notes.”
Another example: uptalk