1. Evidence for Evolution
Time
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

2. Is the Earth Old Enough?

3. Time Scale for Life

4. Earth’s Cool Dance – the Continental Drift
Permian – 225 mya
Triassic – 200 mya
Jurassic – 135 mya
Cretanceous – 65mya
Present
Earth’s Cool Dance – the Continental Drift

5. Evidence for Evolution
Time
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

6. The Fossil Record

7. A Whale of a Story

8. Barbellus

9. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

10. Homologous Structures

11. Genes and Homologous Structures
How many?
How long?

12. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

13. Evolution Replays in the Embryo

14. Whale Embryos

15. Eye Evolution

16. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

17. Molecular Biology Clues
Proteins
Enzymes – amino acid sequences
Genetic Material
DNA base sequences
Nuclear DNA
Mitochondrial DNA

18. Cytochrome C found in all aerobic organisms in ETC in mitochondria
essential enzyme
104 amino acid polypeptide chain

19. Cytochrome C amino acid sequence
All have a phenylalanine at position 10, proline at 30 and methione at 80

20. Clues from Cytochrome C
66* 36 31 20 17 13
Human
Pig
Duck
Snake
Tuna
Moth
Yeast
* Number of base differences
in gene coding for Cytochrome C

21. The length of the branch is proportional
Phylogenetic Tree of Species based on the Amino Acid Sequence of Cytochrome c.
Figure from Voet, Biochemistry - copyright 1990 John Wiley & Sons
The length of the branch is proportional
To the number of differences in the
amino acid sequence

22. Human Migration