1. Respond to this picture: When was it shot. How does it make you feel
Respond to this picture: When was it shot? How does it make you feel? Does it remind of other photographs?

2. Lewis Paine
Executed on July 7, 1865 for the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

3. Media and Representation
The world/reality
Media representations
Media constructions
Media interpretations
Images and texts

4. Into the 21st Century Audience members are more media literate.
Technology for reproduction keeps improving and gets cheaper.
The concept of simulations: simulacra (from Jean Baudrillard): Do media (re)presentations refer to the real world or only to themselves and other media images?

5. President Bin Laden

6. Which one is “real?”

7. Audiences
Contexts
Space
Time
Texts
Making
The text

8. TEXT Discourse and Text Real Author Real Reader Implied Author
Implied Reader
Narrator
Narratee
Sarah Kozloff, “Narrative Theory”

9. The Cinematic Narrator
“…it is not that the viewer constructs but that [s/he] reconstructs the film’s narrative…from the set of cues encoded in the film.”
“...in cinema…, the implied author is the agent intrinisc to the story whose responsibility is the overall design--including the decision to communicate it through one or more narrators.”
“...for films…, we would do well to distinguish between a presenter of the story, the narrator (who is a component of the discourse), and the inventor of both the story and the discourse (including the narrator)[.]”
Seymour Chatman, The cinematic narrator

10. The
Cinematic
Narrator:
Apparatus

11. Nick Browne
“Evidently, a spectator is several places at once--with the fictional viewer, with the viewed, and at the same time in a position to evaluate and respond to claims of each. This fact suggests that like the dreamer, the filmic spectator is a plural subject: in [his/her] reading [s/he] is and is not [him/her]self.”
From “The spectator-in-the-text: The rhetoric of Stagecoach” (1975)

12. Tony Schwartz
“The critical task is to design our package of stimuli so that it resonates with information already stored within an individual and thereby induces the desired learning or behavioral effect. Resonance takes place when the stimuli put into our communication evoke meaning in a listener or viewer. That which we put into the communication has no meaning to itself. The meaning of our communication is what a listener or viewer gets out of his[/her] experience with the communicator’s stimuli. The listener’s or viewer’s brain is an indispensable component of the total communication system. His[/her] life experiences, as well as….expectations of the stimuli he/[she] is receiving, interact with the communicator’s output in determining the meaning of the communication.”
From The responsive chord (1973)