1. Distal internal carotid exposure: A simplified technique for temporary mandibular subluxation 
Christos Dossa, MD *, Alexander D. Shepard, MD *, D.Gary Wolford, DDS **, Daniel J. Reddy, MD *, Calvin B. Ernst, MD * 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages (September 1990)
DOI: / (90)
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Right anterior cervical structures through a standard carotid incision demonstrates barriers to distal ICA exposure.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90) )
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
A, Ivy loop wiring of right mandibular bicuspids/cuspids in preparation for right mandibular condyle subluxation. B, Second wire loop placed around contralateral maxillary bicuspids/cuspids. C, After right condylar subluxation the wires are twisted together to maintain mandibular fixation. D, Lateral view demonstrates subluxation of right mandibular condyle onto articular eminence.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90) )
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
A, 3/32 inch Steinmann pins drilled into the right side of the mandible (anterior to the mental foramen) and into the contralateral maxilla in preparation for right mandibular condyle subluxation. B, Connecting wires attached to pins. C, After right condylar subluxation the wires are twisted together to maintain fixation. D, Lateral view.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90) )
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Exposure of distal right ICA obtained after mandibular subluxation, division of posterior belly of digastric muscle and styloid muscles, and ligation/division of occipital artery. The styloid process can be excised for additional exposure.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90) )
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Temporomandibular joint anatomy demonstrates difference between subluxation and dislocation of mandibular condyle.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90) )
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions