1. Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 51
Vocabulary List 51
Ablative Absolute
Genitive & Ablative of Comparison

2. Vocabulary List 51

3. conference, conversation
colloquium, colloquī, n.
conference, conversation

4. initium, initī, n.
beginning

5. the Rhine (est flūmen in Germaniā)
Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m.
the Rhine
(est flūmen in Germaniā)

6. tūtus, tūta, tūtum
safe

7. quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam)
a certain, one, certain, some
(indefinite adjective & pronoun)
[declines like quī, quae, quod + -dam, but -m changes to -n before -d (e.g. quamdam  quandam)]

8. rūrsus (adv.)
again, back

9. aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum
to approach, attack
(ad + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

10. congredior, congredī, congressus sum
to meet, come together
(cum + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

11. ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum
to go out, disembark
(ē/ex + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

12. prōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum
to advance, go forward
(prō + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

13. sequor, sequī, secūtus sum
to follow

14. cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum
to pursue, overtake; obtain, gain
(cum + sequor, sequī, secūtus sum)

15. vereōr, verērī, veritus sum
to fear

16. Ablative Absolute

17. Ablative Absolute – Basics
one of the most common constructions in Latin
main constituents of the phrase are in the ablative case
called absolute because it’s a phrase unto itself
stands apart absolutely from the rest of the sentence
generally provide some sort of background information about the main clause
can contain things not in the abl. case as well (ind. statement, direct obj., prep. phrases, etc.)

18. Three Types of Abl. Abs. there are three types of ablative absolute:
noun + noun
noun + adjective
noun + participle
n.b.: with noun-noun & noun-adjective AAs, the pres. active participle form of sum, esse must be understood
this is not expressed because it does not exist

19. Noun-Noun & Noun-Adj. Ablative Absolutes
Literal Translation: with noun 1 being noun 2
E.g.: Caesare dūce.
with Caesar being the leader
Noun + Adjective:
Literal Translation: with noun being adjective
E.g.: Caesare clemente.
with Caesar being lenient

20. Noun-Participle Ablative Absolutes
Noun + PAP: with (the) noun verbing
Caesare dūcente / with Caesar leading
Noun + PPP: with (the) noun having been verbed
Caesare dūctō / with Caesar having been led
Noun + FAP: with (the) noun about to verb
Caesare dūctūrō / with Caesar about to lead

21. Genitive & Ablative of Description

22. Genitive & Ablative of Description
when modified by an adj., a noun in the gen. or abl. can be used to describe another noun
this use can only be used if the gen. or abl. noun is being modified by an adj.
the gen. and abl. of description are more or less interchangeable
both can be translated with “of” [abl. can also be transl. “with”]
e.g.:
vir clarae virtūtis / clarā virtūte: a man of distinguished courage
labor terribilis difficultātis / terribilī difficultāte: a task of terrible difficulty
monstrum horribilis speciēī / horribilī speciē: a monster of horrible appearance