1. Indicators

2. Goals
Objectives
Indicators

3. Goals
Objectives
Indicators

4. Development of Indicators:
Step1
State (or formulate) the objectives of the program
Step 2
Review the activities to be carried out in pursuit of the objective(s)
Step 3
Develop a conceptual framework to show how the program will work
Step 4
Select indicators that measure progress for each (or some) of the concepts

5. Measurements used indicators
A numeric value
Percentage
Mean value
Ranking
Absolute number
A yes/no score
Presence/absence
Index

6. What is an indicator

7. Operationalizing an indicator
Numerator/Denominator
If you include an index, you must list specific variables that you would include in the index

8. Sources of Data
Must reflect the data collection method used to obtain it:
Survey, service statistics, census, observation, etc.
Don’t list the agency that provides it to users:
Ex: Ministry of Health, City Health Dept.

9. Qualitative methods (focus groups) do NOT yield quantitative measures
Sources of Data
Qualitative methods (focus groups) do NOT yield quantitative measures

10. Characteristics of good indicators
Valid
Reliable
Clear, concise wording
Non-directional
Correct: # of condoms sold
Incorrect: increased # of condoms sold
Timed within program period

11. Challenges of operationalizing indicators
Subjective aspect of measurement
Quality of program leadership
Presence/absence
(how much= presence?)
Concept clear, but yardstick is not
Cost of one month of contraception