1. Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (published 07/12/2019)
Maximise investments through partnerships
Create European data spaces
Nurture talent, skills and life-long learning
Develop ethical and trustworthy AI
Complementary to EU-level strategy, working together with EU Member States
Pillar 1/partnerships:
National AI strategies: By mid-2019 all Member States should have their own strategies in place outlining investment levels and implementation measures, which will feed into discussions at EU- level.
A new European AI public-private partnership: A new research and innovation partnership on AI will be set up, to foster collaboration between academia and industry in Europe and to define a common strategic research agenda on AI.
A new AI scale-up fund: The Commission will support startups and innovators in AI and blockchain in their early stages as well as for companies in their scale-up phase.
Developing and connecting world-leading centres for AI: European AI excellence centres will be developed and connected, world-reference testing facilities will be established in areas such as connected mobility, and the uptake of AI across the economy will be encouraged through Digital Innovation Hubs (€66 million for robotics hubs are announced today). A European Innovation Council pilot initiative will also be launched to support next generation AI technologies.
Pillar 2/data spaces:
Large, secure and robust datasets need to be available for AI technology to be developed. Together with European countries, the Commission will create common European data spaces to make data sharing across borders seamless, while ensuring full compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation. The health sector can particularly benefit from AI: in coordination with Member States the Commission will support the development of a common health database with anonymised scans of injuries, donated by patients, to improve cancer diagnoses and treatments with AI technology. By mid-2019, the Commission will launch a support centre for data sharing, to give practical advice to all European participants in the data economy.
Pillar 3/skills:
Talent in Europe is essential for the development and use of AI, but EU countries face shortages of ICT professionals and lack AI- specialised higher education programmes. That is why the Commission, together with European countries, will support advanced degrees in AI through, for example, dedicated scholarships. The Commission will also continue to support digital skills and lifelong learningfor the whole of society, and especially for workers most affected by AI, as detailed in its AI strategy. For the development of human-centred AI, it is also important that AI is present in education programmes in other disciplines, such as law. Full use of the Blue Card system will also help to retain and attract highly-skilled AI professionals in Europe.
Pillar 4/trustworthy AI:
AI raises new ethical questions, for example potentially biased decision-making. To create trust, which is necessary for societies to accept and use AI, the coordinated plan aims to develop a technology which respects fundamental rights and ethical rules. A European group of experts, representing academia, business, and civil society, is working on ethics guidelines for the development and use of AI. A first version will be published by the end of 2018 and the experts will present their final version to the Commission in March after wide consultation through the European AI Alliance. The ambition is then to bring Europe's ethical approach to the global stage. The Commission is opening up cooperation to all non-EU countries that are willing to share the same values.

2. Artificial Intelligence for Europe
(published 25/04/2018)
STRATEGY FOR EUROPE TO LEAD THE WAY
Prepare for socio-economic changes
Development and use of
AI for good and for all
Boosting technological and industrial capacity –
AI uptake
Ensure an appropriate ethical
and legal framework
EU-level strategy

3. European approach to AI
Inclusive: composition of AI HLEG, EU AI Alliance
Comprehensive: addressing competitiveness,
socio-economic challenges & legal and
ethical issues
Ethical: in line with European values

4. Coordinated action plan on AI – Maximise investments
National AI strategies: By mid-2019 all Member States should have their own strategies in place
A new European AI public-private partnership
A new AI scale-up fund
Developing and connecting world-leading centres for AI

5. Europe has strong assets
World-leading position in robotics, especially for professional users
Performant industrial and services sectors & strong business-to-business applications
World-leading research centers

6. Boosting the EU's technological and industrial capacity: 2018 - 2020
€1.5 billion EC investments into AI in
Support for basic (explainable AI, data-efficient AI) and industrial research (health, transport, agriculture, manufacturing)
AI-on-demand platform
Network of AI- focused Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs)
Strengthening AI excellence centres
€1.5 billion: 70% increase compared to previous period on an annualised basis
Transport: autonomous ship
Healthcare: AI to improve cancer treatment

7. Planning of AI-related investments in next multi-annual financial framework (2021-2027)
Digital Europe Programme:
- €2.5 billion on AI
- Common data spaces, AI-on-demand platform, large-scale testing facilities, reinforcing AI excellence centres, AI-focussed Digital Innovation Hubs
Horizon Europe (H2020 successor)
- €100 billion overall
- €53 billion for "global challenges and industrial competitiveness" including AI as part of the "Digital and Industry" cluster
- €16.6 billion for European Research Council, €10.5 billion for European Innovation Council

8. Making more data available
An updated Directive on public sector information
Guidance on sharing private sector data in the economy (including industrial data)
An updated Recommendation on access to and preservation of scientific information
A Communication on the digital transformation of health and care, including sharing of genomic and other health data sets
Reducing access costs
Making contractual arrangements with data users non-exclusive
Healthcare: one million genomic datasets

9. Coordinated action plan on AI – Create European data spaces
Identify public data sets
Develop a database with cancer images
Support the development of industrial data platforms

10. Social acceptance of robotics and AI
2012
2014
2017
General favourability
74%
61%
Steal jobs
70%
72%
Could do my job
36%
44%
Being comfortable with a robot at work
48%
35%

11. Do we want full transparency of algorithms
Do we want full transparency of algorithms? Or should we trust experts that have certified a product?
EU-level strategy

12. Coordinated action plan on AI - Skills
Exchange best practices on upskilling
Include the skills dimension in national AI strategies
Make full use of the Blue Card system
Develop a PhD component as part of the efforts to strengthen European AI excellence centres

13. Preparing for socio-economic changes
Set up dedicated (re-)training schemes in connection with the Blueprint on sectoral cooperation on skills
Gather input from experts to anticipate changes on the labour market
Support Digital Opportunity Traineeships ( ) in advanced digital skills for students and fresh graduates
Ask social partners to include AI in their joint work programmes
Suggest broadening the scope of the current European Globalisation Adjustment Fund to digitisation/automation

14. The AI High-Level Expert Group
52 Experts
40% women
Chair:
Pekka Ala-Pietilä
Working Group 1
Working Group 2
23 companies
Product: draft AI Ethics Guidelines
Product: Policy & Investment Recommendations
19 academia
Vice-Chair: Nozha Boujemaa
Vice-Chair: Barry
O'Sullivan
10 civil society

15. The European AI Alliance
Goal: Making it the world-wide reference platform for thinking and reflection on AI
Joint reflection on the future of AI in Europe
Full mobilisation of all stakeholders needed: industry, academia, civil society
Supported by high-level expert group on AI and an online platform

16. Draft AI Ethics Guidelines
Consultation to gather feedback:
DDL 01/02
Everyone can participate via EU AI Alliance:
Next steps:
Finalisation in March & presentation in April
And then? Not yet established but stakeholders will in principle be able to endorse the guidelines formally (self-regulation)
“Trustworthy AI brand?”
Periodic evaluation & adaptation

17. What are the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence?
Transparency
Bias
Job losses & inequality
EU-level strategy
Security
Humans staying in control

18. Draft AI Ethics Guidelines
Chapter 1:
Fundamental Rights & 5 Core Principles
Beneficence (do good), Non-Maleficence (do no harm), Autonomy of humans, Justice, and Explicability.
Chapter 2:
10 Requirements for Trustworthy AI
Accountability, Data Governance, Design for all, Governance of AI Autonomy (Human oversight), Non-Discrimination, Respect for Human Autonomy, Respect for Privacy, Robustness, Safety, Transparency.
Technical & Non-technical methods
Chapter 3:
Non-exhaustive assessment list based on questions
Use cases: healthcare diagnosis, self-driving car, insurance premiums, law enforcement

19. Coordinated action plan on AI – Develop trustworthy AI
Draft AI ethics guidelines by April 2019
Reach out to international partners and promote the AI ethics guidelines
Organise an international ministerial meeting on AI in April
Publish a report on the broader implications of AI for the liability and safety frameworks