1. Reactions in Latin America

2. DEFINING THE CHALLENGE
Establishing sovereignty
Articulating national interests
In the wake of colonial rule (and war)
Negotiating international arena
Confronting the United States

3. FORGING STRATEGIC OPTIONS
Collective unity (“the Bolivarian dream”)
Extra-hemispheric protection
Subregional hegemony
International law
Cultures of resistance
Alignment with the United States

8. Outcomes and Implications
Illusions of success
Growth of nationalist anti-imperialism
Continuing quest for sovereignty
Tensions in U.S.-Latin American relations