1. Cancer
Lesson 3

2. A disease characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Can affect anyone
1 in 4 deaths

3. A mass of abnormal cells Benign tumor
Tumors
A mass of abnormal cells
Benign tumor
A tumor that is not cancerous
Malignant tumor
A tumor that is cancerous

4. Cells from a malignant tumor can break away and move through the blood or lymph to other parts of the body
Metastasis
The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another

5. Types
Some cancers are detected earlier than others due to routine screenings
Ex. Breast cancer
Pg 485 figure 18.5

6. causes Heredity Lifestyle behaviors Exposure to carcinogens
Substances that cause cancer
Tobacco – any
Radiation- x –ray
Construction/manufacturing chemicals asbestos/benzene
Air/water pollution- industrial waste

7. Warning Signs
The earlier cancer is discovered and treated, the better the chance of success.
Pg. 486 figure 18.6

8. The most common cancers in adolescents
Lymphomas (Hodgkin /non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
◾ Leukemia
◾ Thyroid cancer
◾ Brain and spinal cord tumors
◾ Testicular cancer
◾ Bone tumors (osteosarcoma and Ewing tumors)
◾ Soft tissue tumors (sarcomas)
◾ Melanoma
◾ Ovarian cancer

9. Therapy Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation Immunotherapy Hormone Therapy
can be used against cancers that spread
Radiation
Immunotherapy
Stimulates immune system to fight cancer, usually combined with another treatment
Hormone Therapy
Hormone or meds that interfere with production

10. Biopsy Remission Recurrence
The removal of a tissue sample to see whether cancer cells are present
Remission
When cancer signs and symptoms disappear
Recurrence
The return of cancer after remission

11. Prevention Physical Activity Limit sun exposure Avoid tobacco/alcohol
Mammograms
An X-ray of the breast used to screen for breast cancer