1. COURSE OVERVIEW
SOILS
(1ST HALF OF COURSE)
GEOLOGY‑ORIGIN OF SOILS
PROPERTIES OF SOILS
ITS PARAMETER
ITS BEHAVIOR
OTHER ASPECTS
EARTHWORKS
(2ND HALF OF COURSE)
CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION OF SOILS -
ENVIRONMENTAL
GEOTECHNICAL
AGRICULTURAL
NOTE: MAIN FOCUS IS GEOTECHINCAL APPLICATIONS

2. INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY
STUDY OF OUTER ZONE OF EARTH
IT CONSIST OF
ROCKS
SOIL
WATER
DEFINITIONS
Rocks ‑minerals bonded by strong attractive forces
Soils ‑ are a particulate material due to the disintegration of Rock
‑ IGNEOUS
- SEDIMENTARY
- METAMORPHIC

3. INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY (CONT.)
DEFINITIONS:
IGNEOUS‑ COOLING AND HARDENING
OF MOLTEN ROCK CALLED MAGMA
(I.E. GRANITES, BASALTS, RITYOLITES)
ROCKS THAT ARE ACIDIC (NOT BASIC)
I.E. GRANITES ARE GOOD FOR
CONSTRUCTION
SEDIMENTARY ‑ACCUMULATED
DEPOSITS OF SOIL PARTICLES OR
REMAINS OF CERTAIN ORGANISMS
THAT HAVE HARDENED UNDER
PRESSURE (I.E-LIMESTONE, SHALE,
SANDSTONE,ETC)
CAN BE RECOGNIZED BY THE LAYERED
OR STRATIFIED APPEARANCE
I.E. SHALE IS A HARDENING OF CLAYS
AND SILTS
(GOOD FOUNDATION MATERIAL)

4. INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY (CONT.)
METAMORPHIC‑EXISTING ROCK CHANGES
UNDER HEAT, PRESSURE, AND
PLASTIC FLOW
I.E. LIMESTONE TO MARBLE,
SHALE TO SCHIST
(IT BECOMES A FOLIATED ROCK(LAYERS))
WEATHERING FOR EXAMPLE CHANGES
A SCHIST TO A SILT‑SAND MIXTURE
WITH MICA
NOTE: THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
IS CONCERNED WITH STRENGTH, THE
DRILLING, BLASTING, EXCAVATION, AND
USE IN CONCRETE, ETC,

5. RESIDUAL .VS. TRANSPORTED SOILS
RESIDUAL SOILS (DUE TO WEATHERING)
REMAIN IN THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN
I.E. ORGANIC SOILS -COAL OR PEAT
*I.E. BORING LOGS REVEAL THE HISTORY
OF SOIL FORMATIONS
(SAMPLE SOIL FORMATION)
EXAMPLE #1
TOPSOIL(ORGANICS)---GROUND SURFACE
LOAM(SANDY CLAY)
SANDS-ALTERED MINERALOGICAL
COMPOSITION (I.E. M/F SAND, C/M SAND
ARE HIGHLY WEATHERED)
DECOMPOSED ROCK
ROCK
EXAMPLE #2
ASPHALT GROUND SURFACE
FILL
BOG
SILT AND CLAY
SAND

6. RESIDUAL .VS. TRANSPORTED SOILS(CONT)
TRANSPORTED SOILS(GAVITY AND WTND)
DEFINITION: AEOLIAN DEPOSITS ARE
WIND TRANSPORTED SOILS
I.E. LOESS ‑IS A WIND‑BLOWN SILT THAT
HAS CEMENTED. IT IS ABLE TO WITHSTAND
A SHARP NATURAL SLOPE (PG.11 TEXT)
(I.E. MISS_ RIVER)
GLACIAL MATERIAL
REFER TO PG.14,FIGURE 1-6
NOTE: IT IS DIFFICULT TO BORE
THROUGH GLACIAL TILL AND OVERBURDEN
MATERIAL
RIVER DEPOSITS ‑ RIVER DEPOSITED SOILS
ARE ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS
I.E. ‑MEANDERING RIVERS ARE
AGING RIVERS AND THEY LEAVE SOIL
DEPOSITS THAT EVENTUALLY FORM LAKES

7. RESIDUAL .VS. TRANSPORTED SOILS(CONT)
BEACH SANDS ARE FORMED BY OCEAN
CURRENTS AND TIDES
GREAT CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
NOTE: EARTHQUAKES, PLATE
MOVEMENTS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL
LANDFILLS ARE NOT COVERED IN THIS
COURSE. HOWEVER, THEY ARE
RELEVANT RELATED TOPICS