1. Role of Energy in Human Development
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Energy is Need or Luxury ?????

2. Thermodynamic Classification of Living Species
Life on Earth
Carbon Energy Reservoirs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Somatic Heterotrophs
Extra-Somatic Heterotrophs

3. Humans : Extra-somatic Heterotrophs
The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs.
The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph that has ever evolved.
The human population modified more and more of its environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human needs.
The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is sustained and continues to grow through the use of extrasomatic energy.
The human race expanded its resource base so that for long periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.

4. Eco-System On earth : A Materialistic View
ONE TIME RESOURCE
SOLAR ENERGY
INCOMING
RESOURCE
CO2 + H2O
PHTOSYNTHESIS
SOLAR
RADIATION
WINDS
VEGETATION
Heating of
OCEAN S
CLOUDS
RAINS
CHEMICAL ENERGY
FOSSILIZATION
COAL
FOSSIL FUEL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS

5. ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE THERMAL FOSSIL FUEL SOLAR
SOLAR ENERGY
INCOMING
RESOURCE
CO2 + H2O
PHTOSYNTHESIS
SOLAR
RADIATION
WINDS
VEGETATION
OCEAN
THERMAL
ENERGY
CLOUDS
WIND ENERGY
VELOCITY
THERMAL
WAVE
RAINS
CHEMICAL ENERGY
HYDRO ENERGY
FOSSILIZATION
COAL
FOSSIL FUEL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
Fossil Chemical Energy

6. Conservative Philosophy of Universe
Matter cycles in regions of energy flow; such cycles, visible in natural complex structures, including those of life, occur as limited material resources scramble to provide a vehicle for entropy export. {Schneider & Sagan, 2005}

7. Power System Vs Technology
Silicon Era
Machine Free Era ???
Machines Era
Water Mills
Wind Mills
Heat Engines
Steam /gas turbines
Compound Tool Era
Single body Tool Era
Cattle as Energy Systems
Pre-historic Technology
Humans as Energy Systems
Pre-historic Energy Systems

8. Origin of Energy Systems & Technologies

9. The Greatest Extra-somatic Action
Discovery of FIRE, FLAME and TORCH
Fire is a discovery rather than an invention.
Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident.
Fire was most likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire.
The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early man's first use of 'artificial' lighting.
As early as 400,000 BC, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking man.
Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave.
Various Oils were used as fuels.

11. The Accounting : A major concern in Extrasomatism
If we are living in a cave and realized our extrasomatism, we need to start accounting with some degree of precise standard.
We might be having fire, stick and stone tools in our cave.
There, starts a measurement system.
Like when you grunt and say how many fruits you collected for dinner, 1, 2 or measurements.
When gathering wood for a fire you would ask for so much wood.....measurement.
To live in our physical world we need to understand it (The Knowledge).

12. Innovation and Conservation

13. The Major Break Through Research due to Extra-somatic Behaviour….
Development of Equipment for Enhancing the Utility of Fire/fuel.
Extra-somatism for Somatic Needs
Development of Theory & Systems for Motive Power.
Extra-somatism for Extra-Somatic Needs

14. The Aelopile
In 130BC, Hero, a Greek mathematician and scientist is credited with inventing the first practical application of steam power, the aelopile.

15. Branca's Steam Turbine
In 1629, Giovanni Branca, of the Italian town of Loretto, described, in a work' published at Rome, a number of ingenious contrivances.
Artificial Animal
Natural Engine

16. The Practical Solutions : Are they Well Thought?
Creation of Motive Power: Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies by copying

17. The Practical Solutions w/o Scientific Approach
Creation of Motive Power on Water : Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies by copying

18. Assyrian warship, a bireme with pointed bow circa 700 BC
Early War Ships
Assyrian warship, a bireme with pointed bow circa 700 BC
Dutch 17th-century ship

19. Thomas Savery
As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels rather than by wind or oars.
He exhibited great fondness for mechanics, and for mathematicians natural philosophy and gave much time to experimenting, to the contriving of various kinds of apparatus, and to invention.

20. The Secret Behind Sustainable Energy Conversions System of Nature

21. Various Cycles of Nature : Symptoms of Sustainable Systems
Water Cycles
Energy Cycles
Life Cycles of Animals
Life Cycles of Plants
Seasonal Cycles
Planetary Cycles
Geo-Physical Cycles
Chemical Cycles
Disease Cycles
Rock Cycles

22. Rock Cycle

23. Energy Interaction in Rock Cycle

24. A cyclic process serves for long time (for ever)…..
The Engineering Philosophy by
Thomas Savery
A cyclic process serves for long time (for ever)…..
Cyclic devices are immortal….

25. Performance of Muscle Generating Cyclic Force

26. The Savery Mine Pump/Engine
Thomas Savery, July 2, 1698, patented the design of the first engine which had the most important advance in actual construction.
A working model was submitted to the Royal Society of London.

27. Functional Diagram of Savery Mine Pump

28. Cyclic Process in Savery Engine
Thomas Savery exhibited great fondness for natural philosophy
Starting Point:
Time
Events
Process

29. Origin of Steam : Basis of Scientific & Technological Research
Denis Papin, while working at Huygens and of Boyle, started to be interested in the vapor.
Several geniuses of science tried before him to try out an unspecified machine which would run on the vapor, but their efforts were useless.
It is into 1707 that Denis Papin made his first great realization: the boat with vapor.
This superb invention brought much controversy near the boatmen, who destroyed the ship.

30. Historical Development of Steam Generators

31. Newcomen Engine : First Step in Innovation for Conservation
The original Thomas Newcomen engine was invented in 1712.

32. James Watt’s Engine : A major Innovation for Conservation
James Watt radically improved Newcomen's engine (1769) by condensing the steam outside the cylinder .

33. Steam Engine As an Alternate to Horse or Cattle…..
James Watt Engine
Watt's Double-Acting Engine, 1784.
The Watt Hammer, 1784.
Trevithick's Locomotive, 1804
The " Atlantlc," 1832.
Steam Engine Reached its pinnacle in size when it was called to drive 5 MW electric generator.
Steam Engine As an Alternate to Horse or Cattle…..

34. The Family of Steam Engines
A Direct Hardware Creations to the Essential Need …..

35. James Watts Creation of An Artificial Horse

36. Questions Raised by Nicholas Leonard Sadi Carnot
How was the work developed by the engine related to the heat supplied (amount of coal burned)?
Was there an upper limit to this work and what condition could lead to its release?
Was water the best material to use, or might not some other liquid such as alcohol provide a more effective medium?
Might not a gas such as air be more advantageous than a condensable vapour?
The thermal efficiency of boiler has increased from about 30% in 1800 to over 90% in a modern boiler….

37. The Human Idols : Steam Power
~1760 : James Watt
~1820 : Sadi Carnot
W Rankine ~ 1860

38. The History of Electric Power
Many accounts begin power’s story at the demonstration of electric conduction by Englishman Stephen Gray, which led to the 1740 invention of glass friction generators in Leyden, Germany.
This inspired the invention of the battery by Italy’s Alessandro Volta in 1800.
Humphry Davy’s first effective “arc lamp” in 1808.
1820, Hans Christian Oersted’s demonstration of the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

39. The Human Idols : Electric Power
Michael Faraday
In 1820, in arguably the most pivotal contribution to modern power systems.
Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry invented a primitive electric motor.
In 1831, documented that an electric current can be produced in a wire moving near a magnet—demonstrating the principle of the generator.

40. Pearl Street Station
Thomas Edison in September 1882 achieved his vision of a full-scale central power station

41. The Birth of Power Plant
In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London.
This was a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson.
A Babcock & Wilcox boiler powered a 125-horsepower steam engine that drove a 27-ton generator.
This supplied electricity to premises in the area that could be reached through the culverts of the viaduct without digging up the road, which was the monopoly of the gas companies.
The customers included the City Temple and the Old Bailey.
Another important customer was the Telegraph Office of the General Post Office, but this could not be reached though the culverts.
Johnson arranged for the supply cable to be run overhead, via Holborn Tavern and Newgate.