1. What do
These 3
Things
Have in
Common??
Statue
Grand Canyon
Sand Pile

2. They have all been subjected to the process of

3. weathering

4. THE CHANGING OF ROCK BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS
I.WEATHERING:
THE CHANGING OF ROCK BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS

5. For weathering to occur the rocks must be exposed to:
AIR (atmosphere)
WATER (hydrosphere)
ACTIONS OF LIVING
ORGANISM

6. Evidence of Weathering: The end product of the weathering of rocks is
SEDIMENT

7. A. PHYSICAL WEATHERING:
The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition

8. FROST ACTION The alternate freezing and thawing of water

9. WATER EXPANDS
WHEN IT FREEZES

10. Ice Wedging or
Frost Action

12. Half Dome in Yosemite California

13. A Weathered Sidewalk

15. The wearing away of rocks by scraping against each other
ABRASION
The wearing away of rocks by scraping against each other

16. RUNNING WATER AND
WIND CAN CAUSE
ROCKS TO RUB AGAINST
EACH OTHER AND WEAR
THEM DOWN

18. Removal of outer layers of rock, due to uplifting from beneath
EXFOLIATION
Removal of outer layers of rock, due to uplifting from beneath

21. PLANT ACTION

22. Plant roots break thru rocks or lift buried rocks to the surface
PLANT ACTION
Plant roots break thru rocks or lift buried rocks to the surface

25. EXPOSES NEW SURFACES TO WEATHERING
PLANT ROOTS
EXPOSES NEW SURFACES TO WEATHERING

26. CHEMICAL WEATHERING

27. B. CHEMICAL WEATHERING:
Breaks down rock by changing its chemical composition
- USUALLY INVOLVES WATER

28. OXIDATION
OCCURS WHEN OXYGEN FROM AIR COMBINES WITH MINERALS (& water) TO FORM OXIDES
Ex. RUST

29. This was washed up on a beach!!

30. A rusty gate……

32. OCCURS WHEN WATER CONTAINING CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3) DISSOLVES MINERALS
CARBONATION
OCCURS WHEN WATER CONTAINING CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3) DISSOLVES MINERALS

33. EX. LIMESTONE CAVES

36. ACIDS Ex. ACID RAIN SULFUR AND NITROGEN COMBINE WITH WATER
TO MAKE RAINWATER
UNNATURALLY ACIDIC
Ex. ACID RAIN

37. CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE Central Park
What sedimentary rock is Cleopatras needle made from?
Central
Park
CLEOPATRA’S
NEEDLE

38. HYDRATION
OCCURS WHEN _______ SUCH AS MICA AND FELDSPAR ABSORB ________ AND WEAKEN AND FORM ________
MINERALS
WATER
CLAY

40. II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF WEATHERING A. PARTICLE SIZE B
II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF WEATHERING A. PARTICLE SIZE B. COMPOSITION OF ROCK C. CLIMATE

41. increase PARTICLE SIZE If you increase the surface area
you will ___________ the rate
of weathering
increase

42. Rate of
weathering
Particle Size

43. Rate of
weathering
Surface Area

44. LARGE PARTICLES = SLOW WEATHERING
SMALL PARTICLES = FAST WEATHERING

45. SOME ROCKS ARE MORE RESISTANT TO WEATHERING (Weather slower).
B. COMPOSITION OF ROCK
SOME ROCKS ARE MORE RESISTANT TO WEATHERING (Weather slower).

46. What metamorphic rock is this tombstone made from?

48. SHALE SHALE SHALE WATER DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO
WEATHERING?
SHALE
LIMESTONE
SANDSTONE
SHALE
SANDSTONE
SHALE

49. SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO
WEATHERING?
SHALE
LIMESTONE
SANDSTONE
SHALE
SANDSTONE
SHALE

50. SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO
WEATHERING?
SHALE
LIMESTONE
SANDSTONE
SHALE
SANDSTONE
SHALE

51. SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO
WEATHERING?
SHALE
LIMESTONE
SANDSTONE
SHALE
SANDSTONE
SHALE

52. CLIMATE Average temperature & precipitation
What type of weathering would occur?

53. CLIMATE
AFFECTS:
FROST ACTION
CHEMICAL WEATHERING

54. Moderate physical and chemical weathering
If: temperature = 5
precipitation = 100

55. Faster rate of chemical weathering
temperature = precipitation = 100

56. Faster physical weathering
If: temperature = -10
precipitation = 50

57. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING:
PHYSICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN
COLD,
MOIST
CLIMATES

58. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING:
CHEMICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN
WARM,
MOIST
CLIMATES

59. IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING
MOISTURE(Water)
IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING

60. What does weathering produce? (Hint more valuable than gold)

61. SOIL FORMATION: SOIL IS THE COMBINATION OF:
ROCK PARTICLES
MINERALS
ORGANIC MATTER

62. THE END RESULT OF WEATHERING AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IS:
soil

63. Adding to a compost pile

66. Addition of organic material (biological activity)
SOIL FORMATION:
Breakdown of rock
Addition of organic material
( from decomposition )
(biological activity)

67. SOIL HORIZONS (LAYERS)
A (TOP SOIL)
rich in organic material
B little organic material
rich in minerals
leeched from horizon A
C partly weathered
broken up bedrock
sits on top of
solid bedrock

69. The two types of sediment (soil) are:
Transported
Residual

70. TRANSPORTED SOILS: CARRIED FROM LOCATION OF PARENT ROCK
MOST OF NEW YORK SOIL IS TRANSPORTED

72. 3 WAYS THAT SOIL CAN DIFFER IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS:
SOIL ASSOCIATIONS (CHARACTERISTICS)
3 WAYS THAT SOIL CAN DIFFER IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS: 1.
COMPOSITION
(bedrock) 2.
MOISTURE 3.
ORGANIC MATERIAL

73. HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE SOIL’S ABILITY TO SUSTAIN LIFE?

74. Terrace planting

75. Wind breaks
like trees
Planted To
Stop
Wind erosion

76. Flood Levees

77. StudyJams Weathering and Erosion.movie