1. Combined thoracoscopic/laparoscopic staging of esophageal cancer
Mark J. Krasna, MDa §, John L. Flowers, MDb §, Safuh Attar, MDa, Joseph McLaughlin, MDa 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 111, Issue 4, Pages (April 1996)
DOI: /S (96)
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Thoracoscopic positioning and port placement for right thoracoscopic lymph node dissection. ICS, Intercostal space.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Dissection of the upper part of esophagus and tracheoesophageal groove.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Setup for left thoracoscopic anteroposterior node dissection. ICS, Intercostal space.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4 Setup and port placement for laparoscopic lymph node staging.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
The liver is retracted superiorly and laterally, and specimens of lesser curvature lymph nodes are retrieved as the lesser omentum is divided to the hiatal crus.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Results of thoracoscopic lymph node (TSLN) staging compared with resection.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Results of laparoscopic lymph node (LSLN) staging compared with resection.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1996 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions