1. Islam as Politics

3. Mohamed: Merchant, Prophet, Political Leader
Revelation: From Merchant to Prophet
Hijra 622
Birth of the Umma, Community of Believers
Tribal loyalties replaced with a broader community identity
The first Islamic State, Constitution of Medina

4. Khalifa The Origins of Sectarianism

5. The Rashidun (Sunni) Rightly Guided Caliphs 750
Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Kittab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib
The Wars of Apostasy (Rida Wars)
Of the six major centres of the revolt four of the leaders of the movement offered competing claims to being prophets themselves.

6. The Rise of Empires The Umayyads
Contenders: Shi’ite, Carmathian, Fatamid, Almoravid, Almohad, Safavid
Early and rapid expansion out of Arabia
Faced issues of administration not previously encountered
Failed to earn legitimacy in religious terms
A Kingdom not a Caliphate

7. Islamic Expansion

8. The Abbasids
By 775 Abbasid rule firmly established and the empire unified, with the exception of Umayyad controlled Spain, Cordoba Caliphate
Capital moved to Baghdad
Consolidates the relationship between, umma, Caliph and Ulema
Creation of a formalised Sharia
Closing the ‘Gates of Ijtihad’
Greatest expansion of Islamic territory

10. Rise of the Ottomans 1258 Mongol Invasion and the Fall of Baghdad
Emergence of the Turku-Seljuk State 13th C
Changing nature of the relationship between religion and the state
Cooption of the Ulema

12. 1900

13. Islamic Reformation
Based ijtihad

14. Al-Afghani, Salafism and the Encounter with Europe
Salafism
What accounts for the decline of Islamic civilisation?
Opening the ‘Gates of ijtihad’
The Islamic Reformation
Liberal and radical reformers

15. World War I,

16. The dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire
The Arab Revolt
Sykes-Picot
The end of the Caliphate

17. The Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt 1918 Sykes-Picot Agreement
Secret agreement between United Kingdom and France
Divided the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of future British and French control

18. Sykes-Picot Agreement The Great Betrayal
Secret agreement between United Kingdom and France
Divided the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of future British and French control
Lloyd George “I am very keen to see a Jewish state established in Palestine.“
Turning point in Western–Arab relations. Negated the promises made to Arabs for a national homeland in the area of Greater Syria

19. The End of the Caliphate
Treaty of Sèvres 1920
Caliphate abolished March 3, 1924.
Abdulmecid II was the last caliph of Islam
No framework for united and identity
Medina (622)Damascus (662) Baghdad (751), Cairo (1262) Istanbul (1517) Terminated(1924)