1. User CENTERED DESIGN
IB TOPIC 7

2. What is it?
Basically considering and including human beings on EVERY step of the design cycle.

3. Principles of UCD
A design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments.
Users are involved throughout design and development.
The design is driven and refined by user-centred evaluation.
The process is iterative.  The design addresses the whole user experience.
The design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives.

4. Your Task for a few minutes
Think about your car or your parent's car.
When you sit in the driver's seat what functions do you think are successful in terms of UCD.
What do you think needs to be considered more with the user in mind?

6. PART 1 = RESEARCH
Business and user problems & requirements are analyzed.
The user, task and environment are considered
This can be done with a multi-disciplinary teams of ethnographer, anthropologists and psychologists

7. PART 2 = CONCEPT Initial ideas are put forward
Concept modelling (ex. paper models)
Allows for tactile and appearance evaluations
Evaluation is fed back into the design cycle
It is quick and cheap to carry out.
A multi-disciplinary team of designers, various engineers and psychologists.

8. PART 3 = DESIGN Development of ideas
Scaled models such as prototypes, mock ups etc are made
Monitoring of performance against usability requirements
Allows for more continued evaluation by the user and design team.
Evaluation is fed back into the design cycle

9. PART 4 = IMPLEMENTATION
Various testing and evaluations are carried out with a wide range of end users
Evaluation is fed back into the design cycle
A multi-disciplinary team is used to measure the end users psychological and physiological experience.

10. PART 5 = LAUNCH The end product is launched
Continuous evaluation is carried out
Monitoring of performance against usability requirements

11. Inclusive design is also part of UCD

12. But what questions do you ask to achieve a ucd?
Who are the users of the product?
What are the users’ tasks and goals?
What are the users’ experiences and expertise with the product and products like it?
What functionality do the users require of the product?
What other stakeholders will be impacted by the product?
Why is the product being developed?
What are the overall objectives?
How will the product be used?
How will it be judged a success?
What are the technical and environmental constraints?
What functionality is needed by users?
What are the typical scenarios of how and why users will use the product?
What are the usability goals?
How important is ease of use and ease of learning?
How long should it take users to complete their tasks?
Is it important to minimize user errors?
Are there any initial design concepts?

13. 7.2 Usability

14. What is it?
How well a human- made product can be effectively and efficiently be used by a human.
Functions in predictable ways
Intuitive
Enjoyable to use
Prevents user error

16. Usability objectives
Using the online textbooks please write IDENTIFICATIONS for the following objectives:
#1 – Usefulness
#2 – Effectiveness
#3 – Learnability
#4 – Attitude

17. YOUR TURN
What is one item that you interact with on a daily basis that you consider designed for usability.
List five (5) items that you come in contact with on a daily basis (no doors please or car stuff!) that clearly were not designed with usability in mind.
SO WHAT?

18. Population Stereotypes
Assumptions and associations are made by the population of a particular culture regarding how equipment and products operate.
What direction to flip a switch (it’s different in different places!)?
In the UK and AUS down is on and up is off

19. 7.3 Strategies for user research

20. Read The Thing Codega hands out…
It’s Codega sized therefore you can read and interact with it quickly before we move on!

21. 7.4 Strategies for user centered design

22. Why do Designers Care?
The user has a central role in evaluating whether the product meets their wants and needs

23. Methods for figuring out what a user wants
There are a bunch
Field Research
Method of Extremes
Observations
Interviews
Focus Groups
Questionnaires
Affinity Diagraming
Prototypes
Participatory Designs
Usability Laboratories
Usability Testing Sessions

24. Observations: Pros and COns
Can uncover unrecognized usability problems
Products are tested under actual use
Cons
Hard to analyze the data collected
Usually only performed on finished products

25. INTERVIEWS Pros Interviewee can ask for clarification about questions
Cons
Interviews can be time consuming
Small groups might not represent all issues with usability
Responders may be influenced by the interviewer.

26. Focus Groups Pros Cons Uncover unrecognized usability problems
Are very useful in the early design stages
Cons
Data is qualitative
Difficulties in group dynamics can become disruptive
Small groups may not represent all issues with usability

27. Questionnaires Cons Pros
Can cover a wide geographic area
Interviewer bias is eliminated
A large number can be sent out thus potentially increasing sample size
Cons
Only a fraction sent out are usually completed
May be biased – only interested people may respond

28. your Turn! Define the following: Affinity Diagraming
Participatory Designs
Usability Laboratories
Usability Testing Sessions