1. Chapter 11 Advancing Vocabulary chide dilapidated coalition integral
commensurate
noxious
connotation
scenario
yen
diabolic

2. chiding her child for misbehaving
Ten Words in Context
1 chide
– verb
My parents chided me for getting sunburned, but my blistered skin hurt a lot more than their scolding.
I try not to chide my children for asking too many questions because questions help them learn and grow.
Choose the meaning closest
to that of the boldfaced word.
An 1878 drawing of a mother
chiding her child for misbehaving
Artist unknown via Wikimedia Commons
Chide means
A. to command.
B. to criticize.
C. to be cruel to.

3. chiding her child for misbehaving
Ten Words in Context
1 chide
– verb
My parents chided me for getting sunburned, but my blistered skin hurt a lot more than their scolding.
I try not to chide my children for asking too many questions because questions help them learn and grow.
An 1878 drawing of a mother
chiding her child for misbehaving
Artist unknown via Wikimedia Commons
Chide means
A. to command.
B. to criticize.
C. to be cruel to.
In the first item, the word scolding tells you that chide means “to criticize.” In the second item, to encourage the children to ask questions, the parent would try not to criticize them for doing so.

4. Ten Words in Context
2 coalition
– noun
Four colleges formed a coalition to operate a shared Center of Higher Education.
A coalition of one sheriff, two horse thieves, three stagecoach robbers, and a couple of crooked gamblers once made up the government of Virginia City.
Coalition means
A. one part of a whole.
B. a neighborhood.
C. a partnership.
See page 110 in textbook.

5. Ten Words in Context
2 coalition
– noun
Four colleges formed a coalition to operate a shared Center of Higher Education.
A coalition of one sheriff, two horse thieves, three stagecoach robbers, and a couple of crooked gamblers once made up the government of Virginia City.
Coalition means
A. one part of a whole.
B. a neighborhood.
C. a partnership.
If the four colleges operate a shared center, they must have formed a partnership. In order for such an odd collection of people to have governed Virginia City, the men must have formed a partnership.

6. Ten Words in Context
3 commensurate
– adjective
Most students who work hard will eventually see results commensurate with their efforts.
The expression “make the punishment fit the crime” means that a penalty should be commensurate with the degree of wrongdoing.
Commensurate means
A. essential to.
B. delayed by.
C. equal to.

7. Ten Words in Context
3 commensurate
– adjective
Most students who work hard will eventually see results commensurate with their efforts.
The expression “make the punishment fit the crime” means that a penalty should be commensurate with the degree of wrongdoing.
Commensurate means
A. essential to.
B. delayed by.
C. equal to.
Continued hard work usually leads to results that are equal to the effort put forth. If the punishment fits the crime, it is equal to the degree of wrongdoing.

8. Ten Words in Context
4 connotation
– noun
For many of us, the word sea has a connotation of salty air and vast openness.
Sayonara, the Japanese word for “goodbye,” actually means “if it must be so” and thus has connotations of sadness at parting.
Connotation means
A. a suggested meaning.
B. a handicap.
C. a warning.

9. Ten Words in Context
4 connotation
– noun
For many of us, the word sea has a connotation of salty air and vast openness.
Sayonara, the Japanese word for “goodbye,” actually means “if it must be so” and thus has connotations of sadness at parting.
Connotation means
A. a suggested meaning.
B. a handicap.
C. a warning.
Literally, the word sea means “a large body of salt water,” but the word also has the suggested meaning of salty air and vast openness. The literal meaning “if it must be so” gives the word sayonara the suggested meaning of sadness at parting.

10. A jack-o-lantern with a
Ten Words in Context
5 diabolic
– adjective
Stephen King’s frightening novel It features a diabolic clown named Pennywise who enjoys hunting children.
The horror story featured open graves, walking corpses, and a diabolic villain who turned an entire townful of people into zombies.
Diabolic means
A. lazy.
B. frightened.
C. devilish.
A jack-o-lantern with a
diabolic expression
Petey21 via Wikimedia Commons

11. A jack-o-lantern with a
Ten Words in Context
5 diabolic
– adjective
Stephen King’s frightening novel It features a diabolic clown named Pennywise who enjoys hunting children.
The horror story featured open graves, walking corpses, and a diabolic villain who turned an entire townful of people into zombies.
Diabolic means
A. lazy.
B. frightened.
C. devilish.
A jack-o-lantern with a
diabolic expression
Petey21 via Wikimedia Commons
A clown who enjoys hunting children would be devilish. A villain who turns a townful of people into zombies would be a devilish person.

12. Ten Words in Context
6 dilapidated
– adjective
The dilapidated house must have once been handsome. Some of its broken windows are stained glass, and the loose door hinges are fine metalwork.
His teddy bear is dilapidated, with its ears hanging by threads and the stuffing coming out, but the little boy won’t let go of it long enough for anyone to repair it.
Dilapidated means
A. out of proportion.
B. strongly desired.
C. run-down.
A dilapidated house
Mark Ahsmann via Wikimedia Commons

13. Ten Words in Context
6 dilapidated
– adjective
The dilapidated house must have once been handsome. Some of its broken windows are stained glass, and the loose door hinges are fine metalwork.
His teddy bear is dilapidated, with its ears hanging by threads and the stuffing coming out, but the little boy won’t let go of it long enough for anyone to repair it.
Dilapidated means
A. out of proportion.
B. strongly desired.
C. run-down.
A dilapidated house
Mark Ahsmann via Wikimedia Commons
Broken windows and loose door hinges suggest that the house is run-down. If the bear’s ears are hanging by threads and
its stuffing is coming out, it is run-down.

14. Bread is an integral part of any sandwich.
Ten Words in Context
7 integral
– adjective
Arguing seems to be an integral part of Laura and Nate’s relationship. If they weren’t fighting, they’d have nothing to say to each other.
Voting is integral to democracy. Without free elections, a democratic system cannot continue to exist.
Integral means
A. essential.
B. very small.
C. predicted.
Bread is an integral part of any sandwich.
© Tifonimages | Dreamstime.com

15. Bread is an integral part of any sandwich.
Ten Words in Context
7 integral
– adjective
Arguing seems to be an integral part of Laura and Nate’s relationship. If they weren’t fighting, they’d have nothing to say to each other.
Voting is integral to democracy. Without free elections, a democratic system cannot continue to exist.
Integral means
A. essential.
B. very small.
C. predicted.
Bread is an integral part of any sandwich.
© Tifonimages | Dreamstime.com
If Laura and Nate have nothing to say
to each other unless they are fighting, arguing is an essential part of their relationship. If a democratic system cannot exist without free elections, then voting must be essential to democracy.

16. Noxious smoke from a power plant
Ten Words in Context
8 noxious
– adjective
When you are cleaning, never mix ammonia and bleach.
The noxious gas they produce could send you to the hospital.
The entire office building had to be evacuated when noxious fumes started coming out of the air vents and dozens of workers got sick.
Noxious smoke from a power plant
Riffsyphon1024 (Steven Greenwood) via Wikimedia Commons
Noxious means
A. potential.
B. unhealthy.
C. impossible.

17. Noxious smoke from a power plant
Ten Words in Context
8 noxious
– adjective
When you are cleaning, never mix ammonia and bleach.
The noxious gas they produce could send you to the hospital.
The entire office building had to be evacuated when noxious fumes started coming out of the air vents and dozens of workers got sick.
Noxious smoke from a power plant
Riffsyphon1024 (Steven Greenwood) via Wikimedia Commons
Noxious means
A. potential.
B. unhealthy.
C. impossible.
If the gas produced by ammonia
mixed with bleach can send you to
the hospital, it must be unhealthy gas.
If dozens of workers got sick, the
fumes must have been unhealthy.

18. Ten Words in Context
9 scenario
– noun
“I’ve worked out an overall scenario for the movie,” the screenwriter said, “but I haven’t gone beyond the basic plot.”
To help governments and industries plan for the future, experts sometimes develop scenarios describing what might happen in the next year or decade.
Scenario means
A. an outline of possible events.
B. a budget.
C. an actual occurrence.

19. Ten Words in Context
9 scenario
– noun
“I’ve worked out an overall scenario for the movie,” the screenwriter said, “but I haven’t gone beyond the basic plot.”
To help governments and industries plan for the future, experts sometimes develop scenarios describing what might happen in the next year or decade.
Scenario means
A. an outline of possible events.
B. a budget.
C. an actual occurrence.
If the screenwriter hasn’t gone beyond the basic plot, he or she must have only an outline of possible events. In planning for the future, it would be helpful to develop outlines of possible events that might happen in the next year or decade.

20. Ten Words in Context
10 yen
– noun
Whenever I have a yen for something sweet, I try to eat fruit instead of cookies or candy.
My yen for garlic bagel chips doesn’t go away even after I’ve eaten a whole bagful.
Yen means
A. a longing.
B. a feeling of disapproval.
C. a memory.

21. Ten Words in Context
10 yen
– noun
Whenever I have a yen for something sweet, I try to eat fruit instead of cookies or candy.
My yen for garlic bagel chips doesn’t go away even after I’ve eaten a whole bagful.
Yen means
A. a longing.
B. a feeling of disapproval.
C. a memory.
If the speaker is tempted to eat cookies or candy, he or she must have a longing for something sweet. In the second item,
if the speaker still wants more garlic bagel chips, he or she has a longing for them.

22. Quiz: Sentence Check. Write the word on the space provided
See page 112 in textbook.

23. Name: _________________________Class:___________________Date:_________________Period:_____
Quiz: Complete the item with the correct word from the box. Write the word
A. chide B. coalition C. commensurate
D. connotation
E. diabolic
F. dilapidated G. integral H. noxious
I. scenario
J. yen
Often, to satisfy a _________, I eat something sweet, only to find that the sweetness has produced an equally strong craving for something salty.
Our high school’s activity directory lists several ethnic _________s, including the Latino Leadership Society, the Ethiopian Students’ Association, and the Italian Club.
We may argue about whether character or plot is more important, but they are both __________ to any novel.
One Chinese emperor was so quick to have people executed that his officials always said their last goodbyes when they were summoned to the presence of their __________ ruler.
The doctor ______(e)d Rick for not following her advice about switching to a low-fat diet.
I had thought up several _________s of how my widowed mother might marry again, but I never would have predicted what actually happened: she married my widowed father-in-law.
Cigarettes aren’t bad only for smokers. Secondhand smoke is also __________ and can be harmful to everyone nearby.
My parents always know when my friend Theo has been here because his __________ old car, which has a leaky radiator, leaves a puddle of water in the driveway.
Dictionaries usually don’t give the __________s of words. These associated meanings become familiar to us only through experience.
“I wish I could give you a grade ____________ with the excellence of your paper,” the teacher said. “Unfortunately, there is no such grade as ‘A plus-plus.’”