1. Prepared By For TET PINNACLE COACHING, HAILAKANDI Salem Ahmed Barbhuiya Ph No: 7002298884 For TET PINNACLE COACHING, HAILAKANDI Salem Ahmed Barbhuiya Ph No: 7002298884

2. 1. PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY/CHANGE Development follows continuity. It goes from womb to tomb and never ceases. An individual starting his life from a tiny cell develops his body, mind and other aspects of his life personality through a continuous stream of development in these various dimensions. The major changes include changes in size and proportions, acquisition of new mental, motor, and behavioral skills. Development follows continuity. It goes from womb to tomb and never ceases. An individual starting his life from a tiny cell develops his body, mind and other aspects of his life personality through a continuous stream of development in these various dimensions. The major changes include changes in size and proportions, acquisition of new mental, motor, and behavioral skills.

3. 2. PRINCIPLE OF PROCEEDING FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC: Individual exhibits general response and learn to show specific and goal directed responses afterwards. For e.g. when a new born cries, he uses his whole body. Individual exhibits general response and learn to show specific and goal directed responses afterwards. For e.g. when a new born cries, he uses his whole body.

4. 3. PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: Interaction between heredity and environmental influences leads to individual differences in the development pattern. These Differences are caused by the genes one inherits and the environmental conditions like food, medical facilities, psychological conditions and learning opportunities. Even twin-children have differences. Interaction between heredity and environmental influences leads to individual differences in the development pattern. These Differences are caused by the genes one inherits and the environmental conditions like food, medical facilities, psychological conditions and learning opportunities. Even twin-children have differences.

5. 4.PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORM PATTERN/SEQUENCE: The process of development has uniformity and few individual differences. But uniformity is in functions like development of language in children. The physical development is also in a uniform manner. This development starts from head. Thus the milk teeth falls first. Thus the development of similar species have a definite uniformity. At embryo stage, firstly head develops, then lower portion of the body. Similarity firstly spinal cord develops, then heart, chest etc. The process of development has uniformity and few individual differences. But uniformity is in functions like development of language in children. The physical development is also in a uniform manner. This development starts from head. Thus the milk teeth falls first. Thus the development of similar species have a definite uniformity. At embryo stage, firstly head develops, then lower portion of the body. Similarity firstly spinal cord develops, then heart, chest etc.

6. 5. PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTION: Each Child may have a different rate of development. However, the development of all human beings follows a similar pattern, similar sequence or direction. Sequential pattern of development can be seen in two directions: (i) Cephalo-caudal sequence (ii) Proximodistal Sequence Each Child may have a different rate of development. However, the development of all human beings follows a similar pattern, similar sequence or direction. Sequential pattern of development can be seen in two directions: (i) Cephalo-caudal sequence (ii) Proximodistal Sequence

7. (I) CEPHALO-CAUDAL SEQUENCE: Means that development spreads over the body from head to foot i.e. individual begins to grow from head region down words.

8. (II) PROXIMODISTAL SEQUENCE: Development proceeds from central part of the body towards peripheries. In this sequence, the spinal cord of the individual develops first and then outward. For example, babies cut their front teeth before they cut their side ones.

9. 7. PRINCIPLE OF INTERRELATION: The Growth and development in various dimensions like physical, mental, social, etc. are inter-related and interdependent. Each area of development is dependent on the other and thus influences the other developments. That is why, the child having poor physical development tend to regress in emotional, social and intellectual development. The Growth and development in various dimensions like physical, mental, social, etc. are inter-related and interdependent. Each area of development is dependent on the other and thus influences the other developments. That is why, the child having poor physical development tend to regress in emotional, social and intellectual development.

10. 8. PRINCIPLE OF AMATURATION AND LEARNING: In the process of Growth and development maturation and learning plays an important role. For instance if a child is keen to learn something and lacks maturity then he will not be able to learn it. You have already learnt that maturation is unfolding of characteristics potentially present in the individual. For example, creeping, crawling, walking comes with maturation. These characteristics come from individual’s genetic inheritance. In the process of Growth and development maturation and learning plays an important role. For instance if a child is keen to learn something and lacks maturity then he will not be able to learn it. You have already learnt that maturation is unfolding of characteristics potentially present in the individual. For example, creeping, crawling, walking comes with maturation. These characteristics come from individual’s genetic inheritance.

11. 9. PRINCIPLE OF JOINT PRODUCT OF HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT: Child growth and development is the joint product of heredity and environment. Various examples have proves this fact. The effect of both of these cannot be separated. Heredity is the foundation of the personality of a child. Child growth and development is the joint product of heredity and environment. Various examples have proves this fact. The effect of both of these cannot be separated. Heredity is the foundation of the personality of a child.

12. 10. PRINCIPLE OF THE TOTAL DEVELOPMENT: The physical development in human beings is as per time and side-by-side the different aspects of human personality also develops like social, physical, emotional, mental etc. All these aspects are dependent on each other. Thus a teacher should take care of all the aspects of a child. The physical development in human beings is as per time and side-by-side the different aspects of human personality also develops like social, physical, emotional, mental etc. All these aspects are dependent on each other. Thus a teacher should take care of all the aspects of a child.

13. 11. PRINCIPLE OF SPIRAL VS. LINEAR DEVELOPMENT The child doesn’t proceed straight on the path of development with a constant or steady pace. He makes advancement, during a particular period but takes rest in the nest following period to consolidate his development. In advance further, therefore, he turns back and makes forward again like a spiral. The child doesn’t proceed straight on the path of development with a constant or steady pace. He makes advancement, during a particular period but takes rest in the nest following period to consolidate his development. In advance further, therefore, he turns back and makes forward again like a spiral.

14. 12. PRINCIPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT: Early childhood experiences have more impact on the development of a child. Examples include nutritional, emotional, social and cultural experiences. Early childhood experiences have more impact on the development of a child. Examples include nutritional, emotional, social and cultural experiences.

15. 1. Which of the following is a principle of development? A. It is a Discontinuous Process. B. All process of development are not inter connect0 ed C. It does not proceed at the same pace for all D. Development is always linear.