1. Medical Terminology: 5th Edition
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System
Dr. Glotfelty

2. CV Word Roots and Suffixes
Angi/o: vessel
Aort/o: aorta
Arteri/o: artery
Ather/o: fatty substance
Atri/o: atrium
Cardi/o: heart
Coron/o: heart, encircling
Embl/o: embolus
Hemangi/o: blood vessel
Myocardi/o: heart muscle
Pect/o: chest
Phleb/o: vein
Sept/o: septum, wall
Sphygm/o: pulse
Steth/o: chest
Thromb/o: blood clot
Valv/o: valve
Valvul/o: valve
Varic/o: dilated
Vascul/o: blood vessel
Vas/o: vessel
Ven/o: vein
Ventricul/o: ventricle
-manometer: instrument to measure pressure
-tension: pressure
-tonic: pertaining to tone (fit)
-ole: small
-ule: small

3. Vocabulary
Bradycardia: a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute (when would it not be bradycardia?)
Embolus (pic): obstruction of blood vessel by foreign matter or blood clot that is mobile

4. Vocabulary
Infarct: area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply
Ischemia: local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction
Murmur: abnormal heart sound
orthostatic hypotension: sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly
Palpitations: pounding, racing heartbeats
Plaque: yellow, fatty deposit
Regurgitation: to flow backwards
Tachycardia: having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute
Thrombus: blood clot within a blood vessel

5. Vocabulary/Pathology
Angina Pectoris: chest pain
Auscultation: to listen
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): both sides of the heart are failing
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): plaque in the arteries of the heart
Myocardial Infarction (MI): heart attack

6. Abbreviations BP: blood pressure Bpm: beats per minute
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
Cath: catheter
CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CV: cardiovascular
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
ECG, EKG: electrocardiogram
HTN: hypertension
IV: intravenous
P: pulse

7. The Cardiovascular System
Also called the circulatory system
Composed of heart and blood vessels
Two main circulations! (others?)
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Purposes: distribute blood
throughout body, distribute
nutrients, collects waste for excretion,
Oxygen and carbon dioxide

8. Heart Hollow muscular pump Located: mediastinum (middle chest)
Size: about size of loose fist
Shape: upside down pear
apex

10. Heart Layers Chambers Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Pericardium
Atria
Ventricles
Septum:

11. Heart
Valves
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Bicuspid (mitral)
Aortic

12. ECG for Electrical Impulse of Heart

13. Blood Vessels Lumen is the channel within blood vessels Arteries
Thick walled
Away from heart
Aorta is largest
Coronary arteries (pic)
arterioles
Capillaries
Tiny, thin blood vessels
Arterioles meet venules
Veins
Low pressure so has valves
Towards the heart (how)
Venules
Inferior and Superior Vena Cavas are largest

14. Pulse and Blood Pressure
Blood pressure: Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel
Systole: Higher number (steam)
Diastole: Lower number (relax)
Pulse: Heart beat/min.