1. AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY AND IN THE WORLD

2. AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY
Individual Attempts Before the Age: Imam Cevheri, Lagari Hasan Celebi, Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi, Erzurum Ibrahim Hakki, Bebekli Arif Bey, Oflu Ismail, Ibn-i Firas. (Dr. John Wilkins) Ballooning: 19 January 1784 Mongolfier Brothers, military use in the 19th century: France-Austria, France-Germany, Brazil- Paraguay and American Civil War.

3. Aircraft Period: Aircraft design efforts in France and England,
First Flight December 17, 1903, Wright Brothers in USA
First Use in War: Tripoli, October 1911, March 1912 against Turkish Forces by İtaly
Turkish Aviation: On June 1, 1911, Aviation Committee was established (Air Force Day).
First Training in France (Yzb. Fesa, Tgm. Kenan)
First Flight April 26, 1912, in İstanbul (Pilot’s Day)
First Flight School, Yesilkoy, 1912, 17 aircraft

4. 18 aircraft in the enemy forces, 17 aircraft in our side
Use in Balkan War:
October 1912,
18 aircraft in the enemy forces,
17 aircraft in our side
Especially in the second stage, very effective air tasks were performed.

5. Sureyya İlmen Report for the Development of Aviation (1913):
Aviation have to be handeled as an independent ability.
Development of Tayyare School,
According to the lessons learned from the Balkan War: In the three- year period in the Balkan (Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ and Çanakkale), 4 aircraft squadrons (detachment) and 6 fixed Balloon Park to be placed.
2 aircraft squadrons in Erzincan and Erzurum, 4 Baloon parks in Eskişehir, Ankara, Yozgat and Sivas to be established.
For this purpose, the allocation of 250 thousand Liras.
Result: dismissed.

6. Metarial Organization staff should be provided at a sufficient level,
Hacksetter Report, 1913:
A separate air force inspectorate should be established in the Ministry of War.
Metarial Organization staff should be provided at a sufficient level,
Yesilköy should also be a workshop,
Adequate Meteorology station should be established,
Establish an aviation club for participation in international aviation clubs,
A Society like the Navy Society (Donanma Cemiyeti) should be established,
Aviation should be improved with all sizes.(Industry)
Result: Contract was cancelled.

7. İstanbul-Cairo Mission: 8th of January 1914

8. Navy Society (Donanma Cemiyeti) Sultan, Pashas, Officers and
Aircraft Donations:
Navy Society (Donanma Cemiyeti)
Sultan,
Pashas,
Officers and
Public Participation. 

9. Turkish Aviation in the WWI: . 1915: 15 Aircraft, 12 Pilot
. 1916: 90 Planes, 81 Pilot, 57 Rasıt
. 1917: 81 Planes, 61 Pilot, 41 Rasıt
Deployment Status:
1916: 13 Aircraft Detachment in the Eastern, Caucasian, Palestinian, Çanakkale, Iraqi Fronts (4-5 Aircraft per detachment)
1917: In addition to these fronts, for Istanbul Front 4 detachment were added. ( total of 17 detachment)
1918: In addition to these, 8 more detachments were added for Amman and Palestinian Fronts . (Total 25 detachment)

10. General Information in the WWI
aircraft served
Including 150 German "Pasha" aircraft fleets,
They returned back after the war
(295 Pilot, 1740 Technical staff)
Other WWI Participants Inventory:

11. Sevr Treaty
All combat vehicles and all maintenance and technical centers confiscated
Article. 191: “The Turkish armed forces must not include any military or naval air forces. Article. 192: “Within two months the personnel of the Turkish land, sea and air forces shall be demobilised.”

12. Sevr Treaty
Article. 194: «During the six months the manufacture, importation and exportation of aircraft of every kind, parts of aircraft, engines for aircraft and parts of engines for aircraft shall be forbidden in all Turkish territory.” Article. 195: “… all military and naval aeronautical material must be delivered by Turkey, at her own expense, to the Principal Allied Powers.…”

13. Aviation During Independance War
The weakest period because of the Sevr Treaty.
Initially there are 19 Pilot and 10 Mechanics.
Aircraft Inventory:
3-4 planes kidnapped from Istanbul (Kartal)
Airplane purchased by 172th Regiment officers
4 airplanes which are purchased by «Erzurumlu Nafiz Bey»
10 Reconnaissance aircraft (1922) purchased from France (unarmed)
20 Reconnaissance aircraft (1922) purchased from Italy (unarmed)
42 Phased out aircraft taken from Germany

14. Aviation in Turkish Independance War
The Greek Occupation Army has 100 aircraft.
During the 2nd İnönü and the Great Offensive Operation aviators were very successful.
However, because of the impossibilities, the Greek army withdrawn in Çeşme Harbor could not be destroyed.
During Turkish withdraw in Palestine, the 7th and 8th Army were heavily damaged by British aircraft.

15. Turkish Air Force in the Republican Period
The Commanders of the Balkan War, the First World War and the War of Independence are now Republican Leaders: The lessons learned and the importance of air power are well known.
1925: First Aviation Industry: TOMTAŞ
1925: Establishment of Turkish Aviation Association (TAA/Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti-TTC)
1927: Air Force Inspectorate in NMOD was established and new aircraft were purchased
1928: 3 Air Battalion (with two detachments each) in Eskişehir, Diyarbakır and İzmir
1929: Air Surgeon branch was established
1930: Flight training from Italy
Turkish Air Force in the Republican Period

16. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period
Donated aircraft (350 aircraft from 1925 to 1935)
Aircraft Engineering and flight physician training from France
Three Regiments each with two battalions (6 Battalions/ 12 Detachment)

17. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period
1932 Turkey tour:
3 aircraft

18. 1933 10th Anniversary of the Republic (Soviet, Iran, Afghanistan, Greece)
1934 Flight of the Soviet Union and Romania, 5 aircraft
1935 Establishment of Türkkuşu
1936 Receiving from the USA Martin-139 long range attack aircraft
1937 Number of Air Regiments are 4
Air Academy Opening
Turkey's archaeological map was published
TurTurkish Air Force In The Republican Periodkish Air Force In The Republican Period:

19. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period:
Sabiha Gökçen's Balkan campaign: Athens, Thessaloniki, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest
1944: Air Force becomes an Independent Force.
The first commander; Zeki DOĞAN
1952: Jet Age and NATO Membership: Establishment of 9 Main Jet Base
1964: The Cyprus Crisis, Jhonson’s Letter, 1967 Cengiz TOPEL.
1974: Cyprus Peace Operation, the 42-month US embargo.
1974: Turkish Air Force Strengthening Foundation.

20. AVIATION HISTORY IN THE WORLD
World Aviation in WW I:
Aircraft Generating Countries and Production quantities:
England:
Germany:
Italy: 20,000
USA: 15,000
Spain: 5,431
France:
Russia: 4,700

21. World Aviation in WW I: Total Production Amount: 219.799
Losses in battle:
Turkey's number of aircraft during WW I : 300
Conclusion:Countries which has advenced technology and industrial revolition were able to generate more aircraft.

22. World Aviation in WW II
Aircraft producing (generating) countries and production quantities:
USA : (20 Factory)
USSR :
England :
Canada :
France : 4.016

23. Total produced aircraft: 854.382
Commonwealth :3.081
Germany :
Japan :76.320
Italy :18.000
Hungary :1.046
Romania :1.000
Total produced aircraft:
Turkey's number of aircraft in this period: 700
Conclusion: Those who understand the importance of aviation in the war have established the Aviation Industry

24. Turkey During Second World War and post developments:
Population 17 million during the war, the number of soldiers 1.7 million
After war: loser’s army has been discharged, the winners have reduced the presence of the army except Soviet.
Turkey remained under Soviet threat and retained the military presence
U.S. aid in the context of the Truman doctrine (preventing the proliferation of Soviets in Turkey, Greece and Iran) ( )
Marshall Plan (USA plan to stand up Europe after War) ( )

25. How to be successful in flight training
Learning Curiosity (be your instructor)
Mental Simulation (Mission preperation in advance)
More repeat
Regular sports
Do not be early satisfied