1. A step by step guide to
The Big Bang

2. Before the Big Bang
There is no space, there is no time, there is no Universe, there is simply NOTHING.

3. The Instant of the Big Bang
Something causes an infinitely dense and hot point to expand rapidly.
The density of this new universe is so great that space and time are curled up and the laws of physics as we understand them today do not exist.
The size of the universe expands in fractions of a second by a factor of Matter and energy separate. The temperature drops rapidly and matter and anti-matter begin to annihilate one another. There is a tiny amount more matter than anti-matter and this matter begins to form the earliest building blocks of the Universe.
This is called the Inflationary Period.

4. T + 3 Minutes
The temperature continues to cool as it expands, and the Universe becomes increasingly less dense.
Neutrons and protons combine to form the first elements of the Universe, helium and hydrogen.
Though cooling rapidly, the temperature is still far too high for light to escape.
The Universe would appear like a white hot fog during this time as photons are interacting with matter due to high temperature.

5. T years
The Universe is now cool enough that matter energy is greater than radiation energy, allowing stable atoms to form.
It is also cool enough that the earliest light particles are set loose. This forms the oldest light still visible today in the galaxy.
The Universe becomes transparent.
The Universe becomes matter dominated.
This is called the Epoch of Recombination

6. T + 400 Million years The Universe continues to expand and to cool.
Denser regions that exert gravity begin to pull matter towards them and the first stars begin to form.
As other regions continue to become denser, gas clouds and galaxies also begin to form.
The Universe begins to look like it does today.

7. T + 9 billion years
In a minor galaxy, near a minor star, small asteroids begin to collide with one another, forming a larger and larger rocky planet, which is drawn into orbit around a star by gravitational force.
Soon after forming, gases released from the planet’s core formed a dense atmosphere containing hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

8. T + 10 billion years
When the planet’s atmosphere cooled below 100 degrees Celsius, hydrogen and oxygen combined to form liquid water and huge portions of the planet were cover in oceans.
Soon after that, in a process not completely understood, single celled organisms were formed in these oceans.
Nothing lives on land and it takes almost 2 billion years for the single celled organisms to evolve into multi-cellular organisms.

9. T billion years
The first mammalian species evolve, coming after 5 mass extinctions, the rise of insects, dinosaurs and numerous other forms of life.
From small rodent sized creatures, the Class of Mammals evolve rapidly into thousands of different species of creatures.
One of these species, Primates, learn to walk on two feet and use tools to survive.

10. T + 13.7 billion years (the age of our Universe)
The species Homo Sapiens have become the dominant species on the planet.
They have spread to all ecosystems and biomes and have advanced technology that allows them to harness energy and resources from the planet.
They cover their bodies with loose baggy pants, wear flat brimmed hats to protect their eyes, and wander the planet, staring at small devices in their hands, on which they move their fingers to throw small red birds at fortresses built by pigs.
That brings us to today, 13.7 Billion years after the Big Bang.

12. A few key ideas 4 Fundamental Forces in Nature
Strong Nuclear Force: the force that binds protons and neutrons together, creating the atomic structure of all matter
Electromagnetic Force: the force that exists between all particles that have an electric charge.
Weak Nuclear Force: the force that is responsible for radioactive decay
Gravitational Force: the force that draws all things with mass towards one another.

13. Particle Physics: The branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation. Seeking to understand what the most basic building blocks of matter are.
Matter: made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.
Antimatter is a material composed of antiparticles. These have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but have opposite charge and properties, such as lepton and baryon number. Encounters between particles and antiparticles lead to the destruction of both.

14. Photon is a bundle of electromagnetic energy
Photon is a bundle of electromagnetic energy. It is the basic unit that makes up all light. Photons are not thought to be made up of smaller particles. They are a basic unit of nature called an elementary particle