1. Chromosomes that contain the same genes are:
A. Analogous
B. Homologous
C. Chromatids
D. Clones

2. In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
A. Anaphase
B. Metaphase
C. Telophase II
D. Anaphase II

3. What is one difference between bacterial binary fission and eukaryotic DNA replication?
A. Bacteria replicate DNA through a dispersive method
B. Bacterial chromosomes are made of single-stranded DNA
C. Bacterial chromosomes only have one origin of replication
D. Bacterial DNA replication is unidirectional

4. What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
A. To remove RNA primers
B. To synthesize new fragments of DNA
C. To relieve tension on the unwinding DNA strands
D. To pull apart the DNA double helix

5. What is the function of the 1’ carbon in a DNA nucleotide?
A. Bound to the phosphate group
B. Bound to either an –H or –OH group
C. Bound to the nitrogenous base
D. No function/bridges 2 other carbons

6. During which phase of Prophase I do bivalents appear?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Pachytene
D. Diplotene

7. A primary nondisjunction of chromosome 11 occurs in spermatogenesis
A primary nondisjunction of chromosome 11 occurs in spermatogenesis. If no other nondisjunctions occur, what will be the expected ploidy ratios of the sperm?
A. 50% n+1, 50% n-1
B. 50% n+2, 50% n-2
C. 100% n+1
D. 25% n+2, 25% n-2, 50% n

8. In a monohybrid cross of true breeders, the expected phenotype frequencies are F1 and F2 are:

9. In a cross between AAbbCcDdEE x aaBBCcDdee, what is the probability of an AaBbCCddEe offspring?

10. In pea plants, tall allele T is dominant to short allele t, and yellow allele Y is dominant to green allele y. In the cross of TtYy x ttyy, what is the frequency of a tall offspring with green or yellow peas?
A. 1
B. 1/4
C. 1/2
D. 0

11. In dogs, brown fur is dominant to yellow, and long tail is dominant to curly tail. Determine the parent genotypes given the following: Parents: Brown, long x brown, curly Puppies: 3/8 brown, long; 1/8 yellow, long; 3/8 brown, curly; 1/8 yellow, curly
A. BbLl x Bbll
B. BBLL x bbll
C. BbLl x BbLl
D. BbLl x bbLl

12. In a cross of AaBB x aaBb, what is the frequency of offspring with aaBB genotype?
D. 1/4

13. In butterflies, antenna length is an X-linked trait and wing color is autosomal. Long antenna is dominant to short, and monarch wings are dominant to black wings. A true breeding long, monarch female is mated with a true breeding short, black male. What is the frequency of F2 short, black, male offspring?
A. 1/2
B. 1/8
C. 3/16
D. 1/16

14. Joe and Caroline are both blood type A
Joe and Caroline are both blood type A. If Joe and Caroline have a child, what blood type could the child possibly be?
A. A only
B. A or AB
C. A or O
D. A, AB, or O

15. Pattern baldness is a dominant trait in males, but recessive in females. If a normal male and bald female have children, what proportions of the sons and daughters will be bald?
A. ½ bald sons, all normal daughters
B. ½ bald sons, ½ bald daughters
C. All normal sons, all bald daughters
D. All bald sons, all normal daughters

16. Human females can display chimeric phenotypes due to random formation of a Barr body in early fetal development. Which sex genotype could also exhibit chimerism?
A. XYY male
B. Turner female
C. Familial Down male
D. Kilnefelter Male

17. In a species of kangaroos, the paternal copy of a particular autosomal gene is always silenced, regardless of the specific alleles of the homologs. This is an example of:
A. Genetic maternal effect
B. Cytoplasmic inheritance
C. Genetic imprinting
D. Sex-limited traits

18. Which of the following are found within an mRNA molecule?
Codons
Translation stop site
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Anti-codon
Transcription stop site
A. 1 and 2 B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 1, 3, and 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

19. The non-template strand of a gene reads as follows:
5’ AGTGGAACCTG 3’
Determine the sequence of the mRNA.
A. 5’ AGTGGAACCTG 3’ B. 3’ AGUGGAACCTG 5’ C. 3’ AGTGGAACCTG 5’ D. 5’ AGUGGAACCUG 3’

20. During transcription termination, a protein binds to the mRNA
During transcription termination, a protein binds to the mRNA. mRNA is cleaved and then the protein catches up to RNA polymerase, ending transcription. What type of termination is this?
A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic, Rho dependent C. Prokaryotic, Rho independent D. Eukaryotic, Rho dependent

21. A loss of function mutation in which gene segment would prevent initiation of transcription?
A. Terminator B. Kozak Consensus C. Start codon D. Consensus sequence

22. Put the events of translation initiation in order:
1. IF-3 binds to the small subunit
2. The small subunit binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
3. Initiator tRNA binds to the mRNA
4. GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, removing IF-3
A B C D

23. A single nucleotide mutation occurs in the DNA of a cell
A single nucleotide mutation occurs in the DNA of a cell. As a result, a codon sequence is changed. The mutated codon specifies a stop codon. What type of mutation is this?
A. Silent B. Neutral C. Nonsense D. Missense

24. Some DNA nucleotides are deleted from the gene of a somatic cell
Some DNA nucleotides are deleted from the gene of a somatic cell. What could possibly happen to the translated polypeptide of this gene?
A. Nothing, if the deletion occurs in an intron B. A frameshift mutation C. Loss of an amino acid, but no frameshift D. Loss of a stop codon, triggering mRNA destruction